Abstract
The Tpr protease of Porphyromonas gingivalis W83 is a membrane-associated enzyme capable of hydrolyzing a chromogenic bacterial collagenase substrate. An isogenic mutant lacking a functional tpr gene had a greatly reduced ability to hydrolyze the collagenase substrate. Activity was restored to the tpr mutant by introducing a shuttle plasmid containing the tpr gene. Expression of the gene is induced by nutrient limitation, as shown by enzymatic and Northern analyses.
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (939.0 KB).
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Arnott M. A., Rigg G., Shah H., Williams D., Wallace A., Roberts I. S. Cloning and expression of a Porphyromonas (Bacteroides) gingivalis protease gene in Escherichia coli. Arch Oral Biol. 1990;35 (Suppl):97S–99S. doi: 10.1016/0003-9969(90)90137-y. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bedi G. S., Williams T. Purification and characterization of a collagen-degrading protease from Porphyromonas gingivalis. J Biol Chem. 1994 Jan 7;269(1):599–606. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Birkedal-Hansen H., Taylor R. E., Zambon J. J., Barwa P. K., Neiders M. E. Characterization of collagenolytic activity from strains of Bacteroides gingivalis. J Periodontal Res. 1988 Jul;23(4):258–264. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.1988.tb01369.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bourgeau G., Lapointe H., Péloquin P., Mayrand D. Cloning, expression, and sequencing of a protease gene (tpr) from Porphyromonas gingivalis W83 in Escherichia coli. Infect Immun. 1992 Aug;60(8):3186–3192. doi: 10.1128/iai.60.8.3186-3192.1992. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Carman R. J., Ramakrishnan M. D., Harper F. H. Hemin levels in culture medium of Porphyromonas (Bacteroides) gingivalis regulate both hemin binding and trypsinlike protease production. Infect Immun. 1990 Dec;58(12):4016–4019. doi: 10.1128/iai.58.12.4016-4019.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ellen R. P., Song M., Buivids I. A. Inhibition of Actinomyces viscosus--Porphyromonas gingivalis coadhesion by trypsin and other proteins. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 1992 Aug;7(4):198–203. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.1992.tb00025.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fletcher H. M., Schenkein H. A., Macrina F. L. Cloning and characterization of a new protease gene (prtH) from Porphyromonas gingivalis. Infect Immun. 1994 Oct;62(10):4279–4286. doi: 10.1128/iai.62.10.4279-4286.1994. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gharbia S. E., Williams J. C., Andrews D. M., Shah H. N. Genomic clusters and codon usage in relation to gene expression in oral Gram-negative anaerobes. Anaerobe. 1995 Oct;1(5):239–262. doi: 10.1006/anae.1995.1024. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Grenier D., Mayrand D., McBride B. C. Further studies on the degradation of immunoglobulins by black-pigmented Bacteroides. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 1989 Mar;4(1):12–18. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.1989.tb00400.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hino M., Nakano G., Harada M., Nagatsu T. Distribution of PZ-peptidase and glycylprolyl beta-naphthylamidase activities in oral tissues. Arch Oral Biol. 1975 Jan;20(1):19–22. doi: 10.1016/0003-9969(75)90147-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jun K. C., Barua P. K., Zambon J. J., Neiders M. E. Proteolytic activity in black-pigmented bacteroides species. J Endod. 1989 Oct;15(10):463–467. doi: 10.1016/s0099-2399(89)80025-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kilian M. Degradation of immunoglobulins A2, A2, and G by suspected principal periodontal pathogens. Infect Immun. 1981 Dec;34(3):757–765. doi: 10.1128/iai.34.3.757-765.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Laemmli U. K. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature. 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):680–685. doi: 10.1038/227680a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lantz M. S., Allen R. D., Vail T. A., Switalski L. M., Hook M. Specific cell components of Bacteroides gingivalis mediate binding and degradation of human fibrinogen. J Bacteriol. 1991 Jan;173(2):495–504. doi: 10.1128/jb.173.2.495-504.1991. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lawson D. A., Meyer T. F. Biochemical characterization of Porphyromonas (Bacteroides) gingivalis collagenase. Infect Immun. 1992 Apr;60(4):1524–1529. doi: 10.1128/iai.60.4.1524-1529.1992. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Li J., Ellen R. P., Hoover C. I., Felton J. R. Association of proteases of Porphyromonas (Bacteroides) gingivalis with its adhesion to Actinomyces viscosus. J Dent Res. 1991 Feb;70(2):82–86. doi: 10.1177/00220345910700021501. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lu B., McBride B. C. Stress response of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 1994 Jun;9(3):166–173. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.1994.tb00054.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Madden T. E., Thompson T. M., Clark V. L. Expression of Porphyromonas gingivalis proteolytic activity in Escherichia coli. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 1992 Dec;7(6):349–356. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.1992.tb00635.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Maley J., Shoemaker N. B., Roberts I. S. The introduction of colonic-Bacteroides shuttle plasmids into Porphyromonas gingivalis: identification of a putative P. gingivalis insertion-sequence element. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1992 May 15;72(1):75–81. doi: 10.1016/0378-1097(92)90492-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- McDermid A. S., McKee A. S., Marsh P. D. Effect of environmental pH on enzyme activity and growth of Bacteroides gingivalis W50. Infect Immun. 1988 May;56(5):1096–1100. doi: 10.1128/iai.56.5.1096-1100.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Nakamura S., Takeuchi A., Masamoto Y., Abiko Y., Hayakawa M., Takiguchi H. Cloning of the gene encoding a glycylprolyl aminopeptidase from Porphyromonas gingivalis. Arch Oral Biol. 1992 Oct;37(10):807–812. doi: 10.1016/0003-9969(92)90114-n. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Nishikata M., Yoshimura F. Characterization of Porphyromonas (bacteroides) gingivalis hemagglutinin as a protease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1991 Jul 15;178(1):336–342. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(91)91819-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Nishikata M., Yoshimura F., Nodasaka Y. Possibility of Bacteroides gingivalis hemagglutinin possessing protease activity revealed by inhibition studies. Microbiol Immunol. 1989;33(1):75–80. doi: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1989.tb01499.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Otogoto J., Kuramitsu H. K. Isolation and characterization of the Porphyromonas gingivalis prtT gene, coding for protease activity. Infect Immun. 1993 Jan;61(1):117–123. doi: 10.1128/iai.61.1.117-123.1993. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Park Y., McBride B. C. Characterization of the tpr gene product and isolation of a specific protease-deficient mutant of Porphyromonas gingivalis W83. Infect Immun. 1993 Oct;61(10):4139–4146. doi: 10.1128/iai.61.10.4139-4146.1993. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Park Y., McBride B. C. Cloning of a Porphyromonas (Bacteroides) gingivalis protease gene and characterization of its product. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1992 May 1;71(3):273–278. doi: 10.1016/0378-1097(92)90721-y. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Potempa J., Pike R., Travis J. The multiple forms of trypsin-like activity present in various strains of Porphyromonas gingivalis are due to the presence of either Arg-gingipain or Lys-gingipain. Infect Immun. 1995 Apr;63(4):1176–1182. doi: 10.1128/iai.63.4.1176-1182.1995. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Robertson P. B., Lantz M., Marucha P. T., Kornman K. S., Trummel C. L., Holt S. C. Collagenolytic activity associated with Bacteroides species and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. J Periodontal Res. 1982 May;17(3):275–283. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.1982.tb01154.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schenkein H. A. Complement factor D-like activity of Porphyromonas gingivalis W83. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 1991 Aug;6(4):216–220. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.1991.tb00480.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schenkein H. A. The effect of periodontal proteolytic Bacteroides species on proteins of the human complement system. J Periodontal Res. 1988 May;23(3):187–192. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.1988.tb01356.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Smalley J. W., Birss A. J., Shuttleworth C. A. The degradation of type I collagen and human plasma fibronectin by the trypsin-like enzyme and extracellular membrane vesicles of Bacteroides gingivalis W50. Arch Oral Biol. 1988;33(5):323–329. doi: 10.1016/0003-9969(88)90065-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Smalley J. W., Shuttleworth C. A., Birss A. J. Collagenolytic activity of the extracellular vesicles of Bacteroides gingivalis W50 and an avirulent variant W50/BE1. Arch Oral Biol. 1989;34(7):579–583. doi: 10.1016/0003-9969(89)90098-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sojar H. T., Lee J. Y., Bedi G. S., Genco R. J. Purification and characterization of a protease from Porphyromonas gingivalis capable of degrading salt-solubilized collagen. Infect Immun. 1993 Jun;61(6):2369–2376. doi: 10.1128/iai.61.6.2369-2376.1993. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sorsa T., Uitto V. J., Suomalainen K., Turto H., Lindy S. A trypsin-like protease from Bacteroides gingivalis: partial purification and characterization. J Periodontal Res. 1987 Sep;22(5):375–380. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.1987.tb01602.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sundqvist G. K., Carlsson J., Herrmann B. F., Höfling J. F., Vätäinen A. Degradation in vivo of the C3 protein of guinea-pig complement by a pathogenic strain of Bacteroides gingivalis. Scand J Dent Res. 1984 Feb;92(1):14–24. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.1984.tb00854.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sundqvist G., Carlsson J., Herrmann B., Tärnvik A. Degradation of human immunoglobulins G and M and complement factors C3 and C5 by black-pigmented Bacteroides. J Med Microbiol. 1985 Feb;19(1):85–94. doi: 10.1099/00222615-19-1-85. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sundqvist G., Carlsson J., Hänström L. Collagenolytic activity of black-pigmented Bacteroides species. J Periodontal Res. 1987 Jul;22(4):300–306. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.1987.tb01589.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Takahashi N., Kato T., Kuramitsu H. K. Isolation and preliminary characterization of the Porphyromonas gingivalis prtC gene expressing collagenase activity. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1991 Nov 15;68(2):135–138. doi: 10.1016/0378-1097(91)90116-r. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Toda K., Otsuka M., Ishikawa Y., Sato M., Yamamoto Y., Nakamura R. Thiol-dependent collagenolytic activity in culture media of Bacteroides gingivalis. J Periodontal Res. 1984 Jul;19(4):372–381. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.1984.tb01010.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Uitto V. J., Larjava H., Heino J., Sorsa T. A protease of Bacteroides gingivalis degrades cell surface and matrix glycoproteins of cultured gingival fibroblasts and induces secretion of collagenase and plasminogen activator. Infect Immun. 1989 Jan;57(1):213–218. doi: 10.1128/iai.57.1.213-218.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
