Skip to main content
Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases logoLink to Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases
. 2004 Jan;63(1):1–3. doi: 10.1136/ard.2003.009613

Degenerative musculoskeletal disease

O Ethgen 1, J Reginster 1
PMCID: PMC1754732  PMID: 14672882

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (175.1 KB).

Figure 1 .

Figure 1

Population distribution by 10 year age group in Western Europe from 2000 to 2050.2

Figure 2 .

Figure 2

Population distribution by 10 year age group in Northern America from 2000 to 2050.2

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Bachmeier C. J., March L. M., Cross M. J., Lapsley H. M., Tribe K. L., Courtenay B. G., Brooks P. M., Arthritis Cost and Outcome Project Group A comparison of outcomes in osteoarthritis patients undergoing total hip and knee replacement surgery. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2001 Feb;9(2):137–146. doi: 10.1053/joca.2000.0369. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Badley E. M., Crotty M. An international comparison of the estimated effect of the aging of the population on the major cause of disablement, musculoskeletal disorders. J Rheumatol. 1995 Oct;22(10):1934–1940. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Badley E. M. Population projections and the effect on rheumatology. Ann Rheum Dis. 1991 Jan;50(1):3–6. doi: 10.1136/ard.50.1.3. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Badley E. M., Wang P. P. Arthritis and the aging population: projections of arthritis prevalence in Canada 1991 to 2031. J Rheumatol. 1998 Jan;25(1):138–144. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Badley E. M., Wang P. P. The contribution of arthritis and arthritis disability to nonparticipation in the labor force: a Canadian example. J Rheumatol. 2001 May;28(5):1077–1082. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Birrell F., Johnell O., Silman A. Projecting the need for hip replacement over the next three decades: influence of changing demography and threshold for surgery. Ann Rheum Dis. 1999 Sep;58(9):569–572. doi: 10.1136/ard.58.9.569. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Calfas K. J., Kaplan R. M., Ingram R. E. One-year evaluation of cognitive-behavioral intervention in osteoarthritis. Arthritis Care Res. 1992 Dec;5(4):202–209. doi: 10.1002/art.1790050404. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Dexter P., Brandt K. Distribution and predictors of depressive symptoms in osteoarthritis. J Rheumatol. 1994 Feb;21(2):279–286. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Dunlop Dorothy D., Manheim Larry M., Yelin Edward H., Song Jing, Chang Rowland W. The costs of arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2003 Feb 15;49(1):101–113. doi: 10.1002/art.10913. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Ehrich E. W., Bolognese J. A., Watson D. J., Kong S. X. Effect of rofecoxib therapy on measures of health-related quality of life in patients with osteoarthritis. Am J Manag Care. 2001 Jun;7(6):609–616. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Ettinger W. H., Jr, Fried L. P., Harris T., Shemanski L., Schulz R., Robbins J. Self-reported causes of physical disability in older people: the Cardiovascular Health Study. CHS Collaborative Research Group. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1994 Oct;42(10):1035–1044. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1994.tb06206.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Felson D. T., Zhang Y. An update on the epidemiology of knee and hip osteoarthritis with a view to prevention. Arthritis Rheum. 1998 Aug;41(8):1343–1355. doi: 10.1002/1529-0131(199808)41:8<1343::AID-ART3>3.0.CO;2-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Felson D. T., Zhang Y., Anthony J. M., Naimark A., Anderson J. J. Weight loss reduces the risk for symptomatic knee osteoarthritis in women. The Framingham Study. Ann Intern Med. 1992 Apr 1;116(7):535–539. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-116-7-535. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Fortin P. R., Clarke A. E., Joseph L., Liang M. H., Tanzer M., Ferland D., Phillips C., Partridge A. J., Bélisle P., Fossel A. H. Outcomes of total hip and knee replacement: preoperative functional status predicts outcomes at six months after surgery. Arthritis Rheum. 1999 Aug;42(8):1722–1728. doi: 10.1002/1529-0131(199908)42:8<1722::AID-ANR22>3.0.CO;2-R. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Gabriel S. E., Crowson C. S., Campion M. E., O'Fallon W. M. Direct medical costs unique to people with arthritis. J Rheumatol. 1997 Apr;24(4):719–725. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Glazier R., Fry J., Badley E. Arthritis and rheumatism are neglected health priorities: a bibliometric study. J Rheumatol. 2001 Apr;28(4):706–711. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Gross C. P., Anderson G. F., Powe N. R. The relation between funding by the National Institutes of Health and the burden of disease. N Engl J Med. 1999 Jun 17;340(24):1881–1887. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199906173402406. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Guralnik J. M., Kaplan G. A. Predictors of healthy aging: prospective evidence from the Alameda County study. Am J Public Health. 1989 Jun;79(6):703–708. doi: 10.2105/ajph.79.6.703. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Harris E. D., Jr The bone and joint decade: a catalyst for progress. Arthritis Rheum. 2001 Sep;44(9):1969–1970. doi: 10.1002/1529-0131(200109)44:9<1969::AID-ART342>3.0.CO;2-A. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Hawker G. A., Wright J. G., Coyte P. C., Williams J. I., Harvey B., Glazier R., Badley E. M. Differences between men and women in the rate of use of hip and knee arthroplasty. N Engl J Med. 2000 Apr 6;342(14):1016–1022. doi: 10.1056/NEJM200004063421405. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Hubert Helen B., Bloch Daniel A., Oehlert John W., Fries James F. Lifestyle habits and compression of morbidity. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2002 Jun;57(6):M347–M351. doi: 10.1093/gerona/57.6.m347. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Hudak Pamela L., Clark Jocalyn P., Hawker Gillian A., Coyte Peter C., Mahomed Nizar N., Kreder Hans J., Wright James G. "You're perfect for the procedure! Why don't you want it?" Elderly arthritis patients' unwillingness to consider total joint arthroplasty surgery: a qualitative study. Med Decis Making. 2002 May-Jun;22(3):272–278. doi: 10.1177/0272989X0202200315. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Hughes S. L., Dunlop D. The prevalence and impact of arthritis in older persons. Arthritis Care Res. 1995 Dec;8(4):257–264. doi: 10.1002/art.1790080409. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Jones D. A., Vetter N. J. A survey of those who care for the elderly at home: their problems and their needs. Soc Sci Med. 1984;19(5):511–514. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(84)90046-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Kalache A. Active ageing makes the difference. Bull World Health Organ. 1999;77(4):299–299. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Kelsey J. L., Hochberg M. C. Epidemiology of chronic musculoskeletal disorders. Annu Rev Public Health. 1988;9:379–401. doi: 10.1146/annurev.pu.09.050188.002115. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Kosorok M. R., Omenn G. S., Diehr P., Koepsell T. D., Patrick D. L. Restricted activity days among older adults. Am J Public Health. 1992 Sep;82(9):1263–1267. doi: 10.2105/ajph.82.9.1263. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Kovar P. A., Allegrante J. P., MacKenzie C. R., Peterson M. G., Gutin B., Charlson M. E. Supervised fitness walking in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 1992 Apr 1;116(7):529–534. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-116-7-529. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Lanes S. F., Lanza L. L., Radensky P. W., Yood R. A., Meenan R. F., Walker A. M., Dreyer N. A. Resource utilization and cost of care for rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis in a managed care setting: the importance of drug and surgery costs. Arthritis Rheum. 1997 Aug;40(8):1475–1481. doi: 10.1002/art.1780400816. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Liang M. H., Fortin P. Management of osteoarthritis of the hip and knee. N Engl J Med. 1991 Jul 11;325(2):125–127. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199107113250210. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Lorig K. R., Mazonson P. D., Holman H. R. Evidence suggesting that health education for self-management in patients with chronic arthritis has sustained health benefits while reducing health care costs. Arthritis Rheum. 1993 Apr;36(4):439–446. doi: 10.1002/art.1780360403. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Macera Caroline A., Hootman Jennifer M., Sniezek Joseph E. Major public health benefits of physical activity. Arthritis Rheum. 2003 Feb 15;49(1):122–128. doi: 10.1002/art.10907. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Mizuno E., Hosak T., Ogihara R., Higano H., Mano Y. Effectiveness of a stress management program for family caregivers of the elderly at home. J Med Dent Sci. 1999 Dec;46(4):145–153. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Morley John E., Flaherty Joseph H. It's never too late: health promotion and illness prevention in older persons. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2002 Jun;57(6):M338–M342. doi: 10.1093/gerona/57.6.m338. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Price J. H., Hillman K. S., Toral M. E., Newell S. The public's perceptions and misperceptions of arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1983 Aug;26(8):1023–1028. doi: 10.1002/art.1780260812. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Rao J. K., Callahan L. F., Helmick C. G., 3rd Characteristics of persons with self-reported arthritis and other rheumatic conditions who do not see a doctor. J Rheumatol. 1997 Jan;24(1):169–173. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Reginster J. Y., Deroisy R., Rovati L. C., Lee R. L., Lejeune E., Bruyere O., Giacovelli G., Henrotin Y., Dacre J. E., Gossett C. Long-term effects of glucosamine sulphate on osteoarthritis progression: a randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Lancet. 2001 Jan 27;357(9252):251–256. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)03610-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Reginster J. Y. The prevalence and burden of arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2002 Apr;41(Suppl 1):3–6. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Sharpe L., Sensky T., Timberlake N., Ryan B., Allard S. Long-term efficacy of a cognitive behavioural treatment from a randomized controlled trial for patients recently diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2003 Mar;42(3):435–441. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keg144. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Stürmer T., Günther K. P., Brenner H. Obesity, overweight and patterns of osteoarthritis: the Ulm Osteoarthritis Study. J Clin Epidemiol. 2000 Mar 1;53(3):307–313. doi: 10.1016/s0895-4356(99)00162-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Wiles N. J., Lunt M., Barrett E. M., Bukhari M., Silman A. J., Symmons D. P., Dunn G. Reduced disability at five years with early treatment of inflammatory polyarthritis: results from a large observational cohort, using propensity models to adjust for disease severity. Arthritis Rheum. 2001 May;44(5):1033–1042. doi: 10.1002/1529-0131(200105)44:5<1033::AID-ANR182>3.0.CO;2-G. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Wolfe F., Hawley D. J. The longterm outcomes of rheumatoid arthritis: Work disability: a prospective 18 year study of 823 patients. J Rheumatol. 1998 Nov;25(11):2108–2117. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Wolfe F., Hawley D. J. The relationship between clinical activity and depression in rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 1993 Dec;20(12):2032–2037. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Woolf A. D., Akesson K. Understanding the burden of musculoskeletal conditions. The burden is huge and not reflected in national health priorities. BMJ. 2001 May 5;322(7294):1079–1080. doi: 10.1136/bmj.322.7294.1079. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  45. Yelin E. H. Musculoskeletal conditions and employment. Arthritis Care Res. 1995 Dec;8(4):311–317. doi: 10.1002/art.1790080417. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  46. Yelin E., Lubeck D., Holman H., Epstein W. The impact of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis: the activities of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis compared to controls. J Rheumatol. 1987 Aug;14(4):710–717. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  47. Zola I. K. The 39th annual John Stanley Coulter lecture. Aging, disability and the home-care revolution. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1990 Feb;71(2):93–96. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  48. de Bock G. H., Kaptein A. A., Touw-Otten F., Mulder J. D. Health-related quality of life in patients with osteoarthritis in a family practice setting. Arthritis Care Res. 1995 Jun;8(2):88–93. doi: 10.1002/art.1790080206. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases are provided here courtesy of BMJ Publishing Group

RESOURCES