Skip to main content
PMC home page
Infection and Immunity logoLink to Infection and Immunity
. 1997 Oct;65(10):4350–4354. doi: 10.1128/iai.65.10.4350-4354.1997

Endobronchial inoculation with Apx toxins of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae leads to pleuropneumonia in pigs.

E M Kamp 1, N Stockhofe-Zurwieden 1, L A van Leengoed 1, M A Smits 1
PMCID: PMC175624  PMID: 9317048

Abstract

To establish the role of the Apx toxins in the pathogenesis of porcine pleuropneumonia, specific-pathogen-free pigs were inoculated deeply endobronchially with either culture filtrates of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 8 or 9, culture filtrates depleted of the Apx toxins by affinity chromatography, depleted culture filtrate supplemented with purified recombinant Apx toxins (rApx), or purified rApx toxins alone. Results of these experiments indicate that ApxI, ApxIII, and, to a lesser extent, ApxII are the bacterial factors that trigger the development of clinical symptoms and lung lesions typical for porcine pleuropneumonia.

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (283.8 KB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Beck M., van den Bosch J. F., Jongenelen I. M., Loeffen P. L., Nielsen R., Nicolet J., Frey J. RTX toxin genotypes and phenotypes in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae field strains. J Clin Microbiol. 1994 Nov;32(11):2749–2754. doi: 10.1128/jcm.32.11.2749-2754.1994. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Cruijsen T. L., Van Leengoed L. A., Dekker-Nooren T. C., Schoevers E. J., Verheijden J. H. Phagocytosis and killing of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae by alveolar macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes isolated from pigs. Infect Immun. 1992 Nov;60(11):4867–4871. doi: 10.1128/iai.60.11.4867-4871.1992. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Dom P., Haesebrouck F., Kamp E. M., Smits M. A. Influence of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 2 and its cytolysins on porcine neutrophil chemiluminescence. Infect Immun. 1992 Oct;60(10):4328–4334. doi: 10.1128/iai.60.10.4328-4334.1992. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Frey J., Bosse J. T., Chang Y. F., Cullen J. M., Fenwick B., Gerlach G. F., Gygi D., Haesebrouck F., Inzana T. J., Jansen R. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae RTX-toxins: uniform designation of haemolysins, cytolysins, pleurotoxin and their genes. J Gen Microbiol. 1993 Aug;139(8):1723–1728. doi: 10.1099/00221287-139-8-1723. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Gygi D., Nicolet J., Frey J., Cross M., Koronakis V., Hughes C. Isolation of the Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae haemolysin gene and the activation and secretion of the prohaemolysin by the HlyC, HlyB and HlyD proteins of Escherichia coli. Mol Microbiol. 1990 Jan;4(1):123–128. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1990.tb02021.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Inzana T. J., Todd J., Ma J. N., Veit H. Characterization of a non-hemolytic mutant of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 5: role of the 110 kilodalton hemolysin in virulence and immunoprotection. Microb Pathog. 1991 Apr;10(4):281–296. doi: 10.1016/0882-4010(91)90012-y. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Jansen R., Briaire J., Kamp E. M., Gielkens A. L., Smits M. A. Cloning and characterization of the Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae-RTX-toxin III (ApxIII) gene. Infect Immun. 1993 Mar;61(3):947–954. doi: 10.1128/iai.61.3.947-954.1993. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Jansen R., Briaire J., Smith H. E., Dom P., Haesebrouck F., Kamp E. M., Gielkens A. L., Smits M. A. Knockout mutants of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 1 that are devoid of RTX toxins do not activate or kill porcine neutrophils. Infect Immun. 1995 Jan;63(1):27–37. doi: 10.1128/iai.63.1.27-37.1995. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Kamp E. M., Popma J. K., Anakotta J., Smits M. A. Identification of hemolytic and cytotoxic proteins of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae by use of monoclonal antibodies. Infect Immun. 1991 Sep;59(9):3079–3085. doi: 10.1128/iai.59.9.3079-3085.1991. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Kamp E. M., Vermeulen T. M., Smits M. A., Haagsma J. Production of Apx toxins by field strains of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and Actinobacillus suis. Infect Immun. 1994 Sep;62(9):4063–4065. doi: 10.1128/iai.62.9.4063-4065.1994. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Kamp E. M., van Leengoed L. A. Serotype-related differences in production and type of heat-labile hemolysin and heat-labile cytotoxin of Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) pleuropneumoniae. J Clin Microbiol. 1989 Jun;27(6):1187–1191. doi: 10.1128/jcm.27.6.1187-1191.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Liggett A. D., Harrison L. R., Farrell R. L. Sequential study of lesion development in experimental haemophilus pleuropneumonia. Res Vet Sci. 1987 Mar;42(2):204–212. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Mittal K. R., Higgins R., Larivière S. Identification and serotyping of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae by coagglutination test. J Clin Microbiol. 1983 Dec;18(6):1351–1354. doi: 10.1128/jcm.18.6.1351-1354.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Rapp V. J., Ross R. F., Erickson B. Z. Serotyping of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae by rapid slide agglutination and indirect fluorescent antibody tests in swine. Am J Vet Res. 1985 Jan;46(1):185–192. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Rossi-Campos A., Anderson C., Gerlach G. F., Klashinsky S., Potter A. A., Willson P. J. Immunization of pigs against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae with two recombinant protein preparations. Vaccine. 1992;10(8):512–518. doi: 10.1016/0264-410x(92)90349-o. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Rycroft A. N., Williams D., McCandlish I. A., Taylor D. J. Experimental reproduction of acute lesions of porcine pleuropneumonia with a haemolysin-deficient mutant of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Vet Rec. 1991 Nov 16;129(20):441–443. doi: 10.1136/vr.129.20.441. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. SHOPE R. E. PORCINE CONTAGIOUS PLEUROPNEUMONIA. I. EXPERIMENTAL TRANSMISSION, ETIOLOGY, AND PATHOLOGY. J Exp Med. 1964 Mar 1;119:357–368. doi: 10.1084/jem.119.3.357. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Sebunya T. N., Saunders J. R. Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae infection in swine: a review. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1983 Jun 15;182(12):1331–1337. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Smits M. A., Briaire J., Jansen R., Smith H. E., Kamp E. M., Gielkens A. L. Cytolysins of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 9. Infect Immun. 1991 Dec;59(12):4497–4504. doi: 10.1128/iai.59.12.4497-4504.1991. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Tascón R. I., Vázquez-Boland J. A., Gutiérrez-Martín C. B., Rodríguez-Barbosa I., Rodríguez-Ferri E. F. The RTX haemolysins ApxI and ApxII are major virulence factors of the swine pathogen Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae: evidence from mutational analysis. Mol Microbiol. 1994 Oct;14(2):207–216. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1994.tb01282.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. van Leengoed L. A., Kamp E. M. Endobronchial inoculation of various doses of Haemophilus (Actinobacillus) pleuropneumoniae in pigs. Am J Vet Res. 1989 Dec;50(12):2054–2059. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. van de Kerkhof A., Haesebrouck F., Chiers K., Ducatelle R., Kamp E. M., Smits M. A. Influence of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and its metabolites on porcine alveolar epithelial cells. Infect Immun. 1996 Sep;64(9):3905–3907. doi: 10.1128/iai.64.9.3905-3907.1996. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Infection and Immunity are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES