Skip to main content
Sexually Transmitted Infections logoLink to Sexually Transmitted Infections
. 2004 Feb;80(1):30–34. doi: 10.1136/sti.2003.004937

Physicians' opinions about partner notification methods: case reporting, patient referral, and provider referral

M Hogben 1, L St 1, D Montano 1, D Kasprzyk 1, J Leichliter 1, W Phillips 1
PMCID: PMC1758392  PMID: 14755032

Abstract

Background: The United States has relied upon partner notification strategies to help break the chain of infection and re-infection for sexually transmitted diseases (STD). Physicians are a vital link in the system of STD control, but little is known of physician opinions about partner notification strategies.

Methods: We collected opinions about partner notification from a national probability sample of physicians in specialties diagnosing STDs. Physicians responded to 17 questions about three relevant forms of STD partner notification: patient based referral, provider based referral, and case reporting.

Results: Exploratory factor analyses showed that responses for each form of partner notification could be grouped into four categories: perceived practice norms, infection control, patient relationships, and time/money. Multivariate analyses of the factors showed that physicians endorsed patient based referral most favourably and provider based referral least favourably.

Conclusion: Physicians' opinions about partner notification strategies appear to reflect objective reality in some areas, but not in others. Strategies that improve the fit between physicians' opinions and effective notification are needed: some are discussed here.

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (144.9 KB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Brackbill R. M., Sternberg M. R., Fishbein M. Where do people go for treatment of sexually transmitted diseases? Fam Plann Perspect. 1999 Jan-Feb;31(1):10–15. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Clarke J. Distressed women take contact tracing seriously. BMJ. 2001 Jul 28;323(7306):236–236. doi: 10.1136/bmj.323.7306.236. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Dye T. D., Knox K. L., Novick L. F. Tracking sexual contacts of HIV patients: a study of physician practices. J Public Health Manag Pract. 1999 Sep;5(5):19–22. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Golden M. R., Whittington W. L., Handsfield H. H., Malinski C., Clark A., Hughes J. P., Gorbach P. M., Holmes K. K. Partner management for gonococcal and chlamydial infection: expansion of public health services to the private sector and expedited sex partner treatment through a partnership with commercial pharmacies. Sex Transm Dis. 2001 Nov;28(11):658–665. doi: 10.1097/00007435-200111000-00009. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Golden Matthew R., Hopkins Sharon G., Morris Martina, Holmes King K., Handsfield H. Hunter. Support among persons infected with HIV for routine health department contact for HIV partner notification. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2003 Feb 1;32(2):196–202. doi: 10.1097/00126334-200302010-00012. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Gorbach P. M., Aral S. O., Celum C., Stoner B. P., Whittington W. L., Galea J., Coronado N., Connor S., Holmes K. K. To notify or not to notify: STD patients' perspectives of partner notification in Seattle. Sex Transm Dis. 2000 Apr;27(4):193–200. doi: 10.1097/00007435-200004000-00003. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Lurie N., Margolis K., McGovern P. G., Mink P. Physician self-report of comfort and skill in providing preventive care to patients of the opposite sex. Arch Fam Med. 1998 Mar-Apr;7(2):134–137. doi: 10.1001/archfami.7.2.134. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Mathews Catherine, Coetzee Nicol, Zwarenstein Merrick, Lombard Carl, Guttmacher Sally, Oxman Andrew, Schmid George. A systematic review of strategies for partner notification for sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV/AIDS. Int J STD AIDS. 2002 May;13(5):285–300. doi: 10.1258/0956462021925081. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Nuwaha F., Kambugu F., Nsubuga P. S. Factors influencing sexual partner referral for sexually transmitted diseases in Uganda. Sex Transm Dis. 1999 Sep;26(8):483–489. doi: 10.1097/00007435-199909000-00011. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Oxman A. D., Scott E. A., Sellors J. W., Clarke J. H., Millson M. E., Rasooly I., Frank J. W., Naus M., Goldblatt E. Partner notification for sexually transmitted diseases: an overview of the evidence. Can J Public Health. 1994 Jul-Aug;85 (Suppl 1):S41–S47. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Perlman S. E., Postlethwaite D., Stump S., Bielan B., Rudy S. J. Taking a sexual history from and counseling women on teratogenic drugs. J Reprod Med. 2001 Feb;46(2 Suppl):163–168. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Presswell N., Barton D. Taking a sexual history. Aust Fam Physician. 2000 Jun;29(6):535–539. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Skelton J. R., Matthews P. M. Teaching sexual history taking to health care professionals in primary care. Med Educ. 2001 Jun;35(6):603–608. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2923.2001.00926.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. St Lawrence Janet S., Montaño Daniel E., Kasprzyk Danuta, Phillips William R., Armstrong Keira, Leichliter Jami S. STD screening, testing, case reporting, and clinical and partner notification practices: a national survey of US physicians. Am J Public Health. 2002 Nov;92(11):1784–1788. doi: 10.2105/ajph.92.11.1784. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Torkko K. C., Gershman K., Crane L. A., Hamman R., Barón A. Testing for Chlamydia and sexual history taking in adolescent females: results from a statewide survey of Colorado primary care providers. Pediatrics. 2000 Sep;106(3):E32–E32. doi: 10.1542/peds.106.3.e32. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Wheat M. E., Hyman R. B., Devons C., Solomon S. Preventing HIV transmission: behavior and attitudes of medical house staff in a high-prevalence area. Am J Prev Med. 1993 Sep-Oct;9(5):307–316. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Sexually Transmitted Infections are provided here courtesy of BMJ Publishing Group

RESOURCES