Skip to main content
PMC home page
Thorax logoLink to Thorax
. 2002 Dec;57(12):1067–1070. doi: 10.1136/thorax.57.12.1067

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease • 5: Systemic effects of COPD

E Wouters 1
PMCID: PMC1758796  PMID: 12454303

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (124.1 KB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Auwerx J., Staels B. Leptin. Lancet. 1998 Mar 7;351(9104):737–742. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)06348-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Barnes P. J. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med. 2000 Jul 27;343(4):269–280. doi: 10.1056/NEJM200007273430407. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Bernard S., LeBlanc P., Whittom F., Carrier G., Jobin J., Belleau R., Maltais F. Peripheral muscle weakness in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998 Aug;158(2):629–634. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.158.2.9711023. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Bhowmik A., Seemungal T. A., Sapsford R. J., Wedzicha J. A. Relation of sputum inflammatory markers to symptoms and lung function changes in COPD exacerbations. Thorax. 2000 Feb;55(2):114–120. doi: 10.1136/thorax.55.2.114. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Burge P. S., Calverley P. M., Jones P. W., Spencer S., Anderson J. A., Maslen T. K. Randomised, double blind, placebo controlled study of fluticasone propionate in patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the ISOLDE trial. BMJ. 2000 May 13;320(7245):1297–1303. doi: 10.1136/bmj.320.7245.1297. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Casaburi R., Patessio A., Ioli F., Zanaboni S., Donner C. F., Wasserman K. Reductions in exercise lactic acidosis and ventilation as a result of exercise training in patients with obstructive lung disease. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1991 Jan;143(1):9–18. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm/143.1.9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Creutzberg E. C., Schols A. M., Weling-Scheepers C. A., Buurman W. A., Wouters E. F. Characterization of nonresponse to high caloric oral nutritional therapy in depleted patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000 Mar;161(3 Pt 1):745–752. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.161.3.9808075. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Creutzberg E. C., Wouters E. F., Vanderhoven-Augustin I. M., Dentener M. A., Schols A. M. Disturbances in leptin metabolism are related to energy imbalance during acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000 Oct;162(4 Pt 1):1239–1245. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.162.4.9912016. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Dentener M. A., Creutzberg E. C., Schols A. M., Mantovani A., van't Veer C., Buurman W. A., Wouters E. F. Systemic anti-inflammatory mediators in COPD: increase in soluble interleukin 1 receptor II during treatment of exacerbations. Thorax. 2001 Sep;56(9):721–726. doi: 10.1136/thorax.56.9.721. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Di Francia M., Barbier D., Mege J. L., Orehek J. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels and weight loss in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994 Nov;150(5 Pt 1):1453–1455. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.150.5.7952575. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Engelen M. P., Deutz N. E., Wouters E. F., Schols A. M. Enhanced levels of whole-body protein turnover in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000 Oct;162(4 Pt 1):1488–1492. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.162.4.2002045. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Engelen M. P., Schols A. M., Does J. D., Deutz N. E., Wouters E. F. Altered glutamate metabolism is associated with reduced muscle glutathione levels in patients with emphysema. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000 Jan;161(1):98–103. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.161.1.9901031. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Engelen M. P., Schols A. M., Does J. D., Gosker H. R., Deutz N. E., Wouters E. F. Exercise-induced lactate increase in relation to muscle substrates in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000 Nov;162(5):1697–1704. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.162.5.9910066. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Engelen M. P., Wouters E. F., Deutz N. E., Does J. D., Schols A. M. Effects of exercise on amino acid metabolism in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001 Mar;163(4):859–864. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.163.4.2006137. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Engelen M. P., Wouters E. F., Deutz N. E., Menheere P. P., Schols A. M. Factors contributing to alterations in skeletal muscle and plasma amino acid profiles in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Dec;72(6):1480–1487. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/72.6.1480. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Fiorini G., Crespi S., Rinaldi M., Oberti E., Vigorelli R., Palmieri G. Serum ECP and MPO are increased during exacerbations of chronic bronchitis with airway obstruction. Biomed Pharmacother. 2000 Jun;54(5):274–278. doi: 10.1016/S0753-3322(00)80071-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Guttridge D. C., Mayo M. W., Madrid L. V., Wang C. Y., Baldwin A. S., Jr NF-kappaB-induced loss of MyoD messenger RNA: possible role in muscle decay and cachexia. Science. 2000 Sep 29;289(5488):2363–2366. doi: 10.1126/science.289.5488.2363. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Hill A. T., Campbell E. J., Bayley D. L., Hill S. L., Stockley R. A. Evidence for excessive bronchial inflammation during an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in patients with alpha(1)-antitrypsin deficiency (PiZ). Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999 Dec;160(6):1968–1975. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.160.6.9904097. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Jagoe R. T., Goldberg A. L. What do we really know about the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in muscle atrophy? Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2001 May;4(3):183–190. doi: 10.1097/00075197-200105000-00003. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Jakobsson P., Jorfeldt L., Henriksson J. Metabolic enzyme activity in the quadriceps femoris muscle in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995 Feb;151(2 Pt 1):374–377. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.151.2.7842194. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Li Y. P., Schwartz R. J., Waddell I. D., Holloway B. R., Reid M. B. Skeletal muscle myocytes undergo protein loss and reactive oxygen-mediated NF-kappaB activation in response to tumor necrosis factor alpha. FASEB J. 1998 Jul;12(10):871–880. doi: 10.1096/fasebj.12.10.971. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Lord G. M., Matarese G., Howard J. K., Baker R. J., Bloom S. R., Lechler R. I. Leptin modulates the T-cell immune response and reverses starvation-induced immunosuppression. Nature. 1998 Aug 27;394(6696):897–901. doi: 10.1038/29795. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Maltais F., LeBlanc P., Simard C., Jobin J., Bérubé C., Bruneau J., Carrier L., Belleau R. Skeletal muscle adaptation to endurance training in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1996 Aug;154(2 Pt 1):442–447. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.154.2.8756820. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Mathur R., Cox I. J., Oatridge A., Shephard D. T., Shaw R. J., Taylor-Robinson S. D. Cerebral bioenergetics in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999 Dec;160(6):1994–1999. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.160.6.9810069. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Mitch W. E., Goldberg A. L. Mechanisms of muscle wasting. The role of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. N Engl J Med. 1996 Dec 19;335(25):1897–1905. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199612193352507. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Nguyen L. T., Bedu M., Caillaud D., Beaufrère B., Beaujon G., Vasson M., Coudert J., Ritz P. Increased resting energy expenditure is related to plasma TNF-alpha concentration in stable COPD patients. Clin Nutr. 1999 Oct;18(5):269–274. doi: 10.1016/s0261-5614(98)80023-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Noguera A., Busquets X., Sauleda J., Villaverde J. M., MacNee W., Agustí A. G. Expression of adhesion molecules and G proteins in circulating neutrophils in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998 Nov;158(5 Pt 1):1664–1668. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.158.5.9712092. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. O'donnell C. P., Schaub C. D., Haines A. S., Berkowitz D. E., Tankersley C. G., Schwartz A. R., Smith P. L. Leptin prevents respiratory depression in obesity. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999 May;159(5 Pt 1):1477–1484. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.159.5.9809025. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Pauwels R. A., Buist A. S., Calverley P. M., Jenkins C. R., Hurd S. S., GOLD Scientific Committee Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. NHLBI/WHO Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) Workshop summary. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001 Apr;163(5):1256–1276. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.163.5.2101039. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Pauwels R. A., Löfdahl C. G., Laitinen L. A., Schouten J. P., Postma D. S., Pride N. B., Ohlsson S. V. Long-term treatment with inhaled budesonide in persons with mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who continue smoking. European Respiratory Society Study on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. N Engl J Med. 1999 Jun 24;340(25):1948–1953. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199906243402503. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Pouw E. M., Schols A. M., Deutz N. E., Wouters E. F. Plasma and muscle amino acid levels in relation to resting energy expenditure and inflammation in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998 Sep;158(3):797–801. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.158.3.9708097. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Rahman I., Morrison D., Donaldson K., MacNee W. Systemic oxidative stress in asthma, COPD, and smokers. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1996 Oct;154(4 Pt 1):1055–1060. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.154.4.8887607. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Roland M., Bhowmik A., Sapsford R. J., Seemungal T. A., Jeffries D. J., Warner T. D., Wedzicha J. A. Sputum and plasma endothelin-1 levels in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax. 2001 Jan;56(1):30–35. doi: 10.1136/thorax.56.1.30. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Satta A., Migliori G. B., Spanevello A., Neri M., Bottinelli R., Canepari M., Pellegrino M. A., Reggiani C. Fibre types in skeletal muscles of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients related to respiratory function and exercise tolerance. Eur Respir J. 1997 Dec;10(12):2853–2860. doi: 10.1183/09031936.97.10122853. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Sauleda J., García-Palmer F. J., González G., Palou A., Agustí A. G. The activity of cytochrome oxidase is increased in circulating lymphocytes of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and chronic arthritis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000 Jan;161(1):32–35. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.161.1.9807079. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Sauleda J., García-Palmer F., Wiesner R. J., Tarraga S., Harting I., Tomás P., Gómez C., Saus C., Palou A., Agustí A. G. Cytochrome oxidase activity and mitochondrial gene expression in skeletal muscle of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998 May;157(5 Pt 1):1413–1417. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.157.5.9710039. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Schols A. M., Buurman W. A., Staal van den Brekel A. J., Dentener M. A., Wouters E. F. Evidence for a relation between metabolic derangements and increased levels of inflammatory mediators in a subgroup of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax. 1996 Aug;51(8):819–824. doi: 10.1136/thx.51.8.819. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Schols A. M., Creutzberg E. C., Buurman W. A., Campfield L. A., Saris W. H., Wouters E. F. Plasma leptin is related to proinflammatory status and dietary intake in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999 Oct;160(4):1220–1226. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.160.4.9811033. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Takabatake N., Nakamura H., Abe S., Hino T., Saito H., Yuki H., Kato S., Tomoike H. Circulating leptin in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999 Apr;159(4 Pt 1):1215–1219. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.159.4.9806134. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Takahashi N., Waelput W., Guisez Y. Leptin is an endogenous protective protein against the toxicity exerted by tumor necrosis factor. J Exp Med. 1999 Jan 4;189(1):207–212. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Vestbo J., Sørensen T., Lange P., Brix A., Torre P., Viskum K. Long-term effect of inhaled budesonide in mild and moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 1999 May 29;353(9167):1819–1823. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(98)10019-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Wedzicha J. A., Seemungal T. A., MacCallum P. K., Paul E. A., Donaldson G. C., Bhowmik A., Jeffries D. J., Meade T. W. Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are accompanied by elevations of plasma fibrinogen and serum IL-6 levels. Thromb Haemost. 2000 Aug;84(2):210–215. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. de Godoy I., Donahoe M., Calhoun W. J., Mancino J., Rogers R. M. Elevated TNF-alpha production by peripheral blood monocytes of weight-losing COPD patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1996 Feb;153(2):633–637. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.153.2.8564110. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Thorax are provided here courtesy of BMJ Publishing Group

RESOURCES