Abstract
OBJECTIVE—To examine changes in the prevalence of cigarette smoking in 35 study populations of the World Health Organisation's MONICA Project. DESIGN—Data from two independent, community-based surveys conducted, on average, five years apart. SETTING—Geographically defined populations in 21 countries mainly in eastern and western Europe. SUBJECTS—Randomly selected men and women aged 25-64 years. Numbers of participants in each study population ranged from 586 to 2817 in each survey. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES—Changes in proportions of current smokers, ex-smokers, and never-smokers by age and sex using data collected by standardised methods. RESULTS—Among men, smoking prevalence decreased in most populations, by three to four percentage points over five years. In Beijing, however, it increased in all age groups—overall by 11 percentage points. Among women there were increases in smoking in about half the populations. The increases were mainly in the age group 35-54 years and often in those populations where smoking prevalence among women has been relatively low. CONCLUSIONS—Smoking initiation by middle-aged women in parts of southern and eastern Europe and among men of all ages in Beijing is a matter of concern. The various public health measures that have helped to reduce smoking among men in developed countries should be vigorously extended to these other groups now at growing risk of smoking-related disease. Keywords: cigarette smoking; prevalence; World Health Organisation MONICA Project
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (112.6 KB).
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- OLDHAM P. D. A note on the analysis of repeated measurements of the same subjects. J Chronic Dis. 1962 Oct;15:969–977. doi: 10.1016/0021-9681(62)90116-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pierce J. P. International comparisons of trends in cigarette smoking prevalence. Am J Public Health. 1989 Feb;79(2):152–157. doi: 10.2105/ajph.79.2.152. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tunstall-Pedoe H., Kuulasmaa K., Amouyel P., Arveiler D., Rajakangas A. M., Pajak A. Myocardial infarction and coronary deaths in the World Health Organization MONICA Project. Registration procedures, event rates, and case-fatality rates in 38 populations from 21 countries in four continents. Circulation. 1994 Jul;90(1):583–612. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.90.1.583. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]