Skip to main content
Archives of Disease in Childhood logoLink to Archives of Disease in Childhood
. 2002 Jun;86(6):443–444. doi: 10.1136/adc.86.6.443

Fluid management in diabetic ketoacidosis

C Inward 1, T Chambers 1, J Edge 1
PMCID: PMC1763010  PMID: 12023184

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (62.5 KB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Adrogué H. J., Barrero J., Eknoyan G. Salutary effects of modest fluid replacement in the treatment of adults with diabetic ketoacidosis. Use in patients without extreme volume deficit. JAMA. 1989 Oct 20;262(15):2108–2113. doi: 10.1001/jama.1989.03430150076029. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Adrogué H. J., Wilson H., Boyd A. E., 3rd, Suki W. N., Eknoyan G. Plasma acid-base patterns in diabetic ketoacidosis. N Engl J Med. 1982 Dec 23;307(26):1603–1610. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198212233072603. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Bello F. A., Sotos J. F. Cerebral oedema in diabetic ketoacidosis in children. Lancet. 1990 Jul 7;336(8706):64–64. doi: 10.1016/0140-6736(90)91587-z. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Dunger D. B., Edge J. A. Predicting cerebral edema during diabetic ketoacidosis. N Engl J Med. 2001 Jan 25;344(4):302–303. doi: 10.1056/NEJM200101253440412. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Edge J. A. Cerebral oedema during treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis: are we any nearer finding a cause? Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2000 Sep-Oct;16(5):316–324. doi: 10.1002/1520-7560(2000)9999:9999<::aid-dmrr143>3.0.co;2-r. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Edge J. A., Dunger D. B. Variations in the management of diabetic ketoacidosis in children. Diabet Med. 1994 Dec;11(10):984–986. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.1994.tb00258.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Edge J. A., Ford-Adams M. E., Dunger D. B. Causes of death in children with insulin dependent diabetes 1990-96. Arch Dis Child. 1999 Oct;81(4):318–323. doi: 10.1136/adc.81.4.318. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Glaser N., Barnett P., McCaslin I., Nelson D., Trainor J., Louie J., Kaufman F., Quayle K., Roback M., Malley R. Risk factors for cerebral edema in children with diabetic ketoacidosis. The Pediatric Emergency Medicine Collaborative Research Committee of the American Academy of Pediatrics. N Engl J Med. 2001 Jan 25;344(4):264–269. doi: 10.1056/NEJM200101253440404. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. HOLLIDAY M. A., SEGAR W. E. The maintenance need for water in parenteral fluid therapy. Pediatrics. 1957 May;19(5):823–832. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Harris G. D., Fiordalisi I., Harris W. L., Mosovich L. L., Finberg L. Minimizing the risk of brain herniation during treatment of diabetic ketoacidemia: a retrospective and prospective study. J Pediatr. 1990 Jul;117(1 Pt 1):22–31. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(05)82439-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Harris G. D., Fiordalisi I. Physiologic management of diabetic ketoacidemia. A 5-year prospective pediatric experience in 231 episodes. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1994 Oct;148(10):1046–1052. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1994.02170100044009. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Hoffman W. H., Steinhart C. M., el Gammal T., Steele S., Cuadrado A. R., Morse P. K. Cranial CT in children and adolescents with diabetic ketoacidosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1988 Jul-Aug;9(4):733–739. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Holliday M. The evolution of therapy for dehydration: should deficit therapy still be taught? Pediatrics. 1996 Aug;98(2 Pt 1):171–177. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Johnston C. Fluid replacement in diabetic ketoacidosis. BMJ. 1992 Aug 29;305(6852):522–522. doi: 10.1136/bmj.305.6852.522-a. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Krane E. J., Rockoff M. A., Wallman J. K., Wolfsdorf J. I. Subclinical brain swelling in children during treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis. N Engl J Med. 1985 May 2;312(18):1147–1151. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198505023121803. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Lebovitz H. E. Diabetic ketoacidosis. Lancet. 1995 Mar 25;345(8952):767–772. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(95)90645-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Lee J. H., Arcinue E., Ross B. D. Brief report: organic osmolytes in the brain of an infant with hypernatremia. N Engl J Med. 1994 Aug 18;331(7):439–442. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199408183310704. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Luzi L., Barrett E. J., Groop L. C., Ferrannini E., DeFronzo R. A. Metabolic effects of low-dose insulin therapy on glucose metabolism in diabetic ketoacidosis. Diabetes. 1988 Nov;37(11):1470–1477. doi: 10.2337/diab.37.11.1470. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Mahoney C. P., Vlcek B. W., DelAguila M. Risk factors for developing brain herniation during diabetic ketoacidosis. Pediatr Neurol. 1999 Oct;21(4):721–727. doi: 10.1016/s0887-8994(99)00079-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Molteni K. H. Initial management of hypernatremic dehydration in the breastfed infant. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 1994 Dec;33(12):731–740. doi: 10.1177/000992289403301205. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Oddie S., Richmond S., Coulthard M. Hypernatraemic dehydration and breast feeding: a population study. Arch Dis Child. 2001 Oct;85(4):318–320. doi: 10.1136/adc.85.4.318. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Owen O. E., Licht J. H., Sapir D. G. Renal function and effects of partial rehydration during diabetic ketoacidosis. Diabetes. 1981 Jun;30(6):510–518. doi: 10.2337/diab.30.6.510. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Rosenbloom A. L. Intracerebral crises during treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis. Diabetes Care. 1990 Jan;13(1):22–33. doi: 10.2337/diacare.13.1.22. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Rosenbloom A. L., Schatz D. A., Krischer J. P., Skyler J. S., Becker D. J., Laporte R. E., Libman I., Pietropaolo M., Dosch H. M., Finberg L. Therapeutic controversy: prevention and treatment of diabetes in children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Feb;85(2):494–522. doi: 10.1210/jcem.85.2.6406-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Singh R. K., Perros P., Frier B. M. Hospital management of diabetic ketoacidosis: are clinical guidelines implemented effectively? Diabet Med. 1997 Jun;14(6):482–486. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9136(199706)14:6<482::AID-DIA371>3.0.CO;2-A. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Smedman L., Escobar R., Hesser U., Persson B. Sub-clinical cerebral oedema does not occur regularly during treatment for diabetic ketoacidosis. Acta Paediatr. 1997 Nov;86(11):1172–1176. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1997.tb14838.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Tulassay T., Rascher W., Körner A., Miltényi M. Atrial natriuretic peptide and other vasoactive hormones during treatment of severe diabetic ketoacidosis in children. J Pediatr. 1987 Sep;111(3):329–334. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(87)80449-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Archives of Disease in Childhood are provided here courtesy of BMJ Publishing Group

RESOURCES