Abstract
Four methods for analyzing viral susceptibility to antiviral substances were compared. In two methods viral products were measured: late viral proteins were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and viral DNA was measured by DNA hybridization. Infectious virus was quantified in the other two assays as the number of plaques and the yield of virus. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay procedure in our hands detected the smallest amounts (lowest proportions) of thymidine kinase-deficient herpes simplex virus type 1 mixed with wild-type virus. The thymidine kinase-deficient proportion of the herpes simplex virus type 1 isolate increased rapidly in the presence of acyclovir in cell culture.
Full text
PDF



Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Bacchetti S., Graham F. L. Characterization of human TK- cell lines transformed to a TK+ phenotype by herpes simplex virus type 2 DNA. J Gen Virol. 1979 Jan;42(1):149–157. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-42-1-149. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Campione-Piccardo J., Rawls W. E., Bacchetti S. Selective assay for herpes simplex viruses expressing thymidine kinase. J Virol. 1979 Aug;31(2):281–287. doi: 10.1128/jvi.31.2.281-287.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dekker C., Ellis M. N., McLaren C., Hunter G., Rogers J., Barry D. W. Virus resistance in clinical practice. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1983 Sep;12 (Suppl B):137–152. doi: 10.1093/jac/12.suppl_b.137. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Field H. J. A perspective on resistance to acyclovir in herpes simplex virus. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1983 Sep;12 (Suppl B):129–135. doi: 10.1093/jac/12.suppl_b.129. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Field H. J. Development of clinical resistance to acyclovir in herpes simplex virus-infected mice receiving oral therapy. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1982 May;21(5):744–752. doi: 10.1128/aac.21.5.744. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Field H. J., Lay E. Characterization of latent infections in mice inoculated with herpes simplex virus which is clinically resistant to acyclovir. Antiviral Res. 1984 Apr;4(1-2):43–52. doi: 10.1016/0166-3542(84)90024-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gadler H., Larsson A., Sølver E. Nucleic acid hybridization, a method to determine effects of antiviral compounds on herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA synthesis. Antiviral Res. 1984 Apr;4(1-2):63–70. doi: 10.1016/0166-3542(84)90026-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gronowitz J. S., Källander C. F., Jeansson S., Wallin J. Rapid typing of herpes simplex virus based on immunological specificity of viral thymidine kinase and typing according to sensitivity to iododeoxyuridine. J Clin Microbiol. 1982 Mar;15(3):366–371. doi: 10.1128/jcm.15.3.366-371.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gronowitz J. S., Källander C. F. Optimized assay for thymidine kinase and its application to the detection of antibodies against herpes simplex virus type 1- and 2-induced thymidine kinase. Infect Immun. 1980 Aug;29(2):425–434. doi: 10.1128/iai.29.2.425-434.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Harmenberg J. Intracellular pools of thymidine reduce the antiviral action of acyclovir. Intervirology. 1983;20(1):48–51. doi: 10.1159/000149373. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Harmenberg J., Wahren B., Oberg B. Influence of cells and virus multiplicity on the inhibition of herpesviruses with acycloguanosine. Intervirology. 1980;14(5-6):239–244. doi: 10.1159/000149192. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Harmenberg J., Wahren B., Sundqvist V. A., Levén B. Multiplicity dependence and sensitivity of herpes simplex virus isolates to antiviral compounds. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1985 May;15(5):567–573. doi: 10.1093/jac/15.5.567. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Horváth S. Parameters for the characterization of antiviral compounds in cell culture experiments. J Virol Methods. 1984 Feb;8(1-2):47–55. doi: 10.1016/0166-0934(84)90039-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Martin J. L., Ellis M. N., Keller P. M., Biron K. K., Lehrman S. N., Barry D. W., Furman P. A. Plaque autoradiography assay for the detection and quantitation of thymidine kinase-deficient and thymidine kinase-altered mutants of herpes simplex virus in clinical isolates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1985 Aug;28(2):181–187. doi: 10.1128/aac.28.2.181. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- McLaren C., Chen M. S., Ghazzouli I., Saral R., Burns W. H. Drug resistance patterns of herpes simplex virus isolates from patients treated with acyclovir. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1985 Dec;28(6):740–744. doi: 10.1128/aac.28.6.740. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- McLaren C., Corey L., Dekket C., Barry D. W. In vitro sensitivity to acyclovir in genital herpes simplex viruses from acyclovir-treated patients. J Infect Dis. 1983 Nov;148(5):868–875. doi: 10.1093/infdis/148.5.868. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- McLaren C., Ellis M. N., Hunter G. A. A colorimetric assay for the measurement of the sensitivity of herpes simplex viruses to antiviral agents. Antiviral Res. 1983 Nov;3(4):223–234. doi: 10.1016/0166-3542(83)90001-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- McLaren C., Sibrack C. D., Barry D. W. Spectrum of sensitivity of acyclovir of herpes simplex virus clinical isolates. Am J Med. 1982 Jul 20;73(1A):376–379. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(82)90126-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Parris D. S., Harrington J. E. Herpes simplex virus variants restraint to high concentrations of acyclovir exist in clinical isolates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1982 Jul;22(1):71–77. doi: 10.1128/aac.22.1.71. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Summers W. C., Summers W. P. [125I]deoxycytidine used in a rapid, sensitive, and specific assay for herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase. J Virol. 1977 Oct;24(1):314–318. doi: 10.1128/jvi.24.1.314-318.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Svennerholm B., Vahlne A., Lycke E. Inhibition of herpes simplex virus infection in tissue culture by trisodium phosphonoformate. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1979 Jun;161(2):115–118. doi: 10.3181/00379727-161-40502. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Taylor J. L., O'Brien W. J., Goldman A. I. The determination of effective antiviral doses using a computer program for sigmoid dose-response curves. J Virol Methods. 1984 May;8(3):225–232. doi: 10.1016/0166-0934(84)90017-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tenser R. B., Jones J. C., Ressel S. J., Fralish F. A. Thymidine plaque autoradiography of thymidine kinase-positive and thymidine kinase-negative herpesviruses. J Clin Microbiol. 1983 Jan;17(1):122–127. doi: 10.1128/jcm.17.1.122-127.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Van Dyke R. B., Connor J. D. Uptake of [125I]iododeoxycytidine by cells infected with herpes simplex virus: a rapid screening test for resistance to acyclovir. J Infect Dis. 1985 Dec;152(6):1206–1211. doi: 10.1093/infdis/152.6.1206. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wahren B., Harmenberg J., Sundqvist V. A., Levén B., Sköldenberg B. A novel method for determining the sensitivity of herpes simplex virus to antiviral compounds. J Virol Methods. 1983 Mar;6(3):141–149. doi: 10.1016/0166-0934(83)90026-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wahren B., Wahren P., Harmenberg J., Sundqvist V. A. Computer-based virus sensitivity assay and neutralization method. Applications for herpesviruses. J Virol Methods. 1983 May;6(5):271–282. doi: 10.1016/0166-0934(83)90042-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
