Skip to main content
Quality & Safety in Health Care logoLink to Quality & Safety in Health Care
. 2004 Oct;13(Suppl 1):i85–i90. doi: 10.1136/qshc.2004.010033

The human factor: the critical importance of effective teamwork and communication in providing safe care

M Leonard, S Graham, D Bonacum
PMCID: PMC1765783  PMID: 15465961

Abstract

Effective communication and teamwork is essential for the delivery of high quality, safe patient care. Communication failures are an extremely common cause of inadvertent patient harm. The complexity of medical care, coupled with the inherent limitations of human performance, make it critically important that clinicians have standardised communication tools, create an environment in which individuals can speak up and express concerns, and share common "critical language" to alert team members to unsafe situations. All too frequently, effective communication is situation or personality dependent. Other high reliability domains, such as commercial aviation, have shown that the adoption of standardised tools and behaviours is a very effective strategy in enhancing teamwork and reducing risk. We describe our ongoing patient safety implementation using this approach within Kaiser Permanente, a non-profit American healthcare system providing care for 8.3 million patients. We describe specific clinical experience in the application of surgical briefings, properties of high reliability perinatal care, the value of critical event training and simulation, and benefits of a standardised communication process in the care of patients transferred from hospitals to skilled nursing facilities. Additionally, lessons learned as to effective techniques in achieving cultural change, evidence of improving the quality of the work environment, practice transfer strategies, critical success factors, and the evolving methods of demonstrating the benefit of such work are described.

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (96.7 KB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Bellomo Rinaldo, Goldsmith Donna, Uchino Shigehiko, Buckmaster Jonathan, Hart Graeme K., Opdam Helen, Silvester William, Doolan Laurie, Gutteridge Geoffrey. A prospective before-and-after trial of a medical emergency team. Med J Aust. 2003 Sep 15;179(6):283–287. doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2003.tb05548.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Carthey J., de Leval M. R., Reason J. T. The human factor in cardiac surgery: errors and near misses in a high technology medical domain. Ann Thorac Surg. 2001 Jul;72(1):300–305. doi: 10.1016/s0003-4975(00)02592-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Fox M., Kilpatrick S., King T., Parer J. T. Fetal heart rate monitoring: interpretation and collaborative management. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2000 Nov-Dec;45(6):498–507. doi: 10.1016/s1526-9523(00)00069-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Knox G. E., Simpson K. R., Garite T. J. High reliability perinatal units: an approach to the prevention of patient injury and medical malpractice claims. J Healthc Risk Manag. 1999 Spring;19(2):24–32. doi: 10.1002/jhrm.5600190205. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Quality & safety in health care are provided here courtesy of BMJ Publishing Group

RESOURCES