Skip to main content
Tobacco Control logoLink to Tobacco Control
. 2002 Jun;11(Suppl 2):ii54–ii58. doi: 10.1136/tc.11.suppl_2.ii54

Cigarette advertising in magazines: the tobacco industry response to the Master Settlement Agreement and to public pressure

W Hamilton, D Turner-Bowker, C Celebucki, G Connolly
PMCID: PMC1766075  PMID: 12034983

Abstract

Design: Expenditures on cigarette advertisements in national magazines in the USA are compared for three periods: January to November 1998, December 1998 to June 2000, and July 2000 to November 2001. Magazines in which at least 15% of readers are youth under age 18 are focused upon. Regression models test for the significance of period differences after controlling for seasonal and long term patterns.

Data sources: Commercially maintained data on advertising in US magazines and on magazine readership by age.

Key measures: Monthly cigarette ad expenditures in magazines with 15%+ youth readership, and monthly proportion of ad expenditures in 15%+ youth magazines.

Results: Cigarette advertising expenditures in magazines with 15%+ youth readership increased dramatically after MSA implementation and fell dramatically after public pressure. The percentage allocation of expenditures to 15%+ magazines fell significantly in both periods. Results differ somewhat by company.

Conclusions: The tobacco industry response to the MSA was at best modest, reducing proportional allocations of advertising to youth magazines but increasing the absolute amount of such advertising. The value of public pressure was seen in substantial reductions in both absolute and proportional spending on youth magazines, although not by all companies.

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (118.5 KB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Altman D. G., Levine D. W., Coeytaux R., Slade J., Jaffe R. Tobacco promotion and susceptibility to tobacco use among adolescents aged 12 through 17 years in a nationally representative sample. Am J Public Health. 1996 Nov;86(11):1590–1593. doi: 10.2105/ajph.86.11.1590. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Botvin G. J., Goldberg C. J., Botvin E. M., Dusenbury L. Smoking behavior of adolescents exposed to cigarette advertising. Public Health Rep. 1993 Mar-Apr;108(2):217–224. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Chung Paul J., Garfield Craig F., Rathouz Paul J., Lauderdale Diane S., Best Dana, Lantos John. Youth targeting by tobacco manufacturers since the Master Settlement Agreement. Health Aff (Millwood) 2002 Mar-Apr;21(2):254–263. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.21.2.254. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. DiFranza J. R., Richards J. W., Paulman P. M., Wolf-Gillespie N., Fletcher C., Jaffe R. D., Murray D. RJR Nabisco's cartoon camel promotes camel cigarettes to children. JAMA. 1991 Dec 11;266(22):3149–3153. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Evans N., Farkas A., Gilpin E., Berry C., Pierce J. P. Influence of tobacco marketing and exposure to smokers on adolescent susceptibility to smoking. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1995 Oct 18;87(20):1538–1545. doi: 10.1093/jnci/87.20.1538. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Feighery E., Borzekowski D. L., Schooler C., Flora J. Seeing, wanting, owning: the relationship between receptivity to tobacco marketing and smoking susceptibility in young people. Tob Control. 1998 Summer;7(2):123–128. doi: 10.1136/tc.7.2.123. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Gilpin E. A., Pierce J. P. Trends in adolescent smoking initiation in the United States: is tobacco marketing an influence? Tob Control. 1997 Summer;6(2):122–127. doi: 10.1136/tc.6.2.122. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. King C., 3rd, Siegel M., Celebucki C., Connolly G. N. Adolescent exposure to cigarette advertising in magazines: an evaluation of brand-specific advertising in relation to youth readership. JAMA. 1998 Feb 18;279(7):516–520. doi: 10.1001/jama.279.7.516. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. King C., 3rd, Siegel M. The Master Settlement Agreement with the tobacco industry and cigarette advertising in magazines. N Engl J Med. 2001 Aug 16;345(7):504–511. doi: 10.1056/NEJMsa003149. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Pierce J. P., Choi W. S., Gilpin E. A., Farkas A. J., Berry C. C. Tobacco industry promotion of cigarettes and adolescent smoking. JAMA. 1998 Feb 18;279(7):511–515. doi: 10.1001/jama.279.7.511. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Pierce J. P., Gilpin E. A. A historical analysis of tobacco marketing and the uptake of smoking by youth in the United States: 1890-1977. Health Psychol. 1995 Nov;14(6):500–508. doi: 10.1037//0278-6133.14.6.500. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Pierce J. P., Gilpin E. A., Choi W. S. Sharing the blame: smoking experimentation and future smoking-attributable mortality due to Joe Camel and Marlboro advertising and promotions. Tob Control. 1999 Spring;8(1):37–44. doi: 10.1136/tc.8.1.37. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Pierce J. P., Gilpin E., Burns D. M., Whalen E., Rosbrook B., Shopland D., Johnson M. Does tobacco advertising target young people to start smoking? Evidence from California. JAMA. 1991 Dec 11;266(22):3154–3158. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Pierce J. P., Lee L., Gilpin E. A. Smoking initiation by adolescent girls, 1944 through 1988. An association with targeted advertising. JAMA. 1994 Feb 23;271(8):608–611. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Pucci L. G., Siegel M. Features of sales promotion in cigarette magazine advertisements, 1980-1993: an analysis of youth exposure in the United States. Tob Control. 1999 Spring;8(1):29–36. doi: 10.1136/tc.8.1.29. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Tobacco Control are provided here courtesy of BMJ Publishing Group

RESOURCES