Abstract
Deletion analysis of a previously constructed minichromosome revealed that a stretch of DNA which is longer than 623 bp but shorter than 837 bp is required for autonomous replication of the Streptomyces lividans chromosome. Each of the dnaA and dnaN genes flanking the oriC region is individually transcribed from two promoters. Within the intergenic, nontranslatable region between the dnaA and dnaN genes, five main transcripts and several less abundant transcripts of various lengths as well as one of the promoters were identified. The introduction of additional DnaA boxes in S. lividans led to a significant increase in dnaA gene transcripts and to an enhanced level of the DnaA (73-kDa) protein. In summary, the data suggest that dnaA gene transcription is autoregulated and that initiation of the S. lividans chromosome is tightly controlled.
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (619.7 KB).
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Asai T., Chen C. P., Nagata T., Takanami M., Imai M. Transcription in vivo within the replication origin of the Escherichia coli chromosome: a mechanism for activating initiation of replication. Mol Gen Genet. 1992 Jan;231(2):169–178. doi: 10.1007/BF00279788. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Atlung T., Clausen E. S., Hansen F. G. Autoregulation of the dnaA gene of Escherichia coli K12. Mol Gen Genet. 1985;200(3):442–450. doi: 10.1007/BF00425729. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bibb M. J., Findlay P. R., Johnson M. W. The relationship between base composition and codon usage in bacterial genes and its use for the simple and reliable identification of protein-coding sequences. Gene. 1984 Oct;30(1-3):157–166. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(84)90116-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Braun R. E., O'Day K., Wright A. Autoregulation of the DNA replication gene dnaA in E. coli K-12. Cell. 1985 Jan;40(1):159–169. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(85)90319-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Calcutt M. J., Schmidt F. J. Conserved gene arrangement in the origin region of the Streptomyces coelicolor chromosome. J Bacteriol. 1992 May;174(10):3220–3226. doi: 10.1128/jb.174.10.3220-3226.1992. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Clayton T. M., Bibb M. J. Streptomyces promoter-probe plasmids that utilise the xylE gene of Pseudomonas putida. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Feb 25;18(4):1077–1077. doi: 10.1093/nar/18.4.1077. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fornwald J. A., Schmidt F. J., Adams C. W., Rosenberg M., Brawner M. E. Two promoters, one inducible and one constitutive, control transcription of the Streptomyces lividans galactose operon. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Apr;84(8):2130–2134. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.8.2130. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fujita M. Q., Yoshikawa H., Ogasawara N. Structure of the dnaA region of Micrococcus luteus: conservation and variations among eubacteria. Gene. 1990 Sep 1;93(1):73–78. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(90)90138-h. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gielow A., Kücherer C., Kölling R., Messer W. Transcription in the region of the replication origin, oriC, of Escherichia coli: termination of asnC transcripts. Mol Gen Genet. 1988 Nov;214(3):474–481. doi: 10.1007/BF00330483. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hansen F. G., Atlung T., Braun R. E., Wright A., Hughes P., Kohiyama M. Initiator (DnaA) protein concentration as a function of growth rate in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. J Bacteriol. 1991 Aug;173(16):5194–5199. doi: 10.1128/jb.173.16.5194-5199.1991. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hansen F. G., Christensen B. B., Atlung T. The initiator titration model: computer simulation of chromosome and minichromosome control. Res Microbiol. 1991 Feb-Apr;142(2-3):161–167. doi: 10.1016/0923-2508(91)90025-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Heintz N. H., Dailey L., Held P., Heintz N. Eukaryotic replication origins as promoters of bidirectional DNA synthesis. Trends Genet. 1992 Nov;8(11):376–381. doi: 10.1016/0168-9525(92)90298-i. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ingmer H., Atlung T. Expression and regulation of a dnaA homologue isolated from Pseudomonas putida. Mol Gen Genet. 1992 Apr;232(3):431–439. doi: 10.1007/BF00266248. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kieser H. M., Kieser T., Hopwood D. A. A combined genetic and physical map of the Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) chromosome. J Bacteriol. 1992 Sep;174(17):5496–5507. doi: 10.1128/jb.174.17.5496-5507.1992. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kücherer C., Lother H., Kölling R., Schauzu M. A., Messer W. Regulation of transcription of the chromosomal dnaA gene of Escherichia coli. Mol Gen Genet. 1986 Oct;205(1):115–121. doi: 10.1007/BF02428040. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lother H., Messer W. Promoters in the E. coli replication origin. Nature. 1981 Nov 26;294(5839):376–378. doi: 10.1038/294376a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Moriya S., Atlung T., Hansen F. G., Yoshikawa H., Ogasawara N. Cloning of an autonomously replicating sequence (ars) from the Bacillus subtilis chromosome. Mol Microbiol. 1992 Feb;6(3):309–315. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1992.tb01473.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Norris V. DNA replication in Escherichia coli is initiated by membrane detachment of oriC. A model. J Mol Biol. 1990 Sep 5;215(1):67–71. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(05)80095-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ogasawara N., Yoshikawa H. Genes and their organization in the replication origin region of the bacterial chromosome. Mol Microbiol. 1992 Mar;6(5):629–634. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1992.tb01510.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Oka A., Sugimoto K., Takanami M., Hirota Y. Replication origin of the Escherichia coli K-12 chromosome: the size and structure of the minimum DNA segment carrying the information for autonomous replication. Mol Gen Genet. 1980 Apr;178(1):9–20. doi: 10.1007/BF00267207. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schaefer C., Messer W. Termination of the Escherichia coli asnC transcript. The DnaA protein/dnaA box complex blocks transcribing RNA polymerase. Gene. 1988 Dec 20;73(2):347–354. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(88)90499-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schauzu M. A., Kücherer C., Kölling R., Messer W., Lother H. Transcripts within the replication origin, oriC, of Escherichia coli. Nucleic Acids Res. 1987 Mar 25;15(6):2479–2497. doi: 10.1093/nar/15.6.2479. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Short J. M., Fernandez J. M., Sorge J. A., Huse W. D. Lambda ZAP: a bacteriophage lambda expression vector with in vivo excision properties. Nucleic Acids Res. 1988 Aug 11;16(15):7583–7600. doi: 10.1093/nar/16.15.7583. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Simonet J. M., Schneider D., Volff J. N., Dary A., Decaris B. Genetic instability in Streptomyces ambofaciens: inducibility and associated genome plasticity. Gene. 1992 Jun 15;115(1-2):49–54. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(92)90539-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Skarstad K., Baker T. A., Kornberg A. Strand separation required for initiation of replication at the chromosomal origin of E.coli is facilitated by a distant RNA--DNA hybrid. EMBO J. 1990 Jul;9(7):2341–2348. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1990.tb07406.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Strohl W. R. Compilation and analysis of DNA sequences associated with apparent streptomycete promoters. Nucleic Acids Res. 1992 Mar 11;20(5):961–974. doi: 10.1093/nar/20.5.961. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Woelker B., Messer W. The structure of the initiation complex at the replication origin, oriC, of Escherichia coli. Nucleic Acids Res. 1993 Nov 11;21(22):5025–5033. doi: 10.1093/nar/21.22.5025. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Yanisch-Perron C., Vieira J., Messing J. Improved M13 phage cloning vectors and host strains: nucleotide sequences of the M13mp18 and pUC19 vectors. Gene. 1985;33(1):103–119. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(85)90120-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Yoshikawa H., Ogasawara N. Structure and function of DnaA and the DnaA-box in eubacteria: evolutionary relationships of bacterial replication origins. Mol Microbiol. 1991 Nov;5(11):2589–2597. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1991.tb01967.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Young R. A., Davis R. W. Efficient isolation of genes by using antibody probes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Mar;80(5):1194–1198. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.5.1194. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zakrzewska-Czerwińska J., Nardmann J., Schrempf H. Inducible transcription of the dnaA gene from Streptomyces lividans 66. Mol Gen Genet. 1994 Feb;242(4):440–447. doi: 10.1007/BF00281794. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zakrzewska-Czerwińska J., Schrempf H. Characterization of an autonomously replicating region from the Streptomyces lividans chromosome. J Bacteriol. 1992 Apr;174(8):2688–2693. doi: 10.1128/jb.174.8.2688-2693.1992. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zweiger G., Marczynski G., Shapiro L. A Caulobacter DNA methyltransferase that functions only in the predivisional cell. J Mol Biol. 1994 Jan 14;235(2):472–485. doi: 10.1006/jmbi.1994.1007. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zyskind J. W., Cleary J. M., Brusilow W. S., Harding N. E., Smith D. W. Chromosomal replication origin from the marine bacterium Vibrio harveyi functions in Escherichia coli: oriC consensus sequence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Mar;80(5):1164–1168. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.5.1164. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]