Table 4.

Influences of drugs and diet on the gastrointestinal glutathione (GSH) system (significant p values)

	GST activity			GSTA		GSTP		GSTT1
Drug	n	A	D	A	D	A	D	A	D
NSAID	31	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.020
Cortisol	15	—	—	—		0.007	0.007	—	—
Cytostatic	7	0.015	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Analgesic	14	—	—	—	—	—	0.037	0.011	—
Heparin	83	—	—	—	—	0.027	—	0.022	—
Insulin	15	—	—	0.019	—	—	—	0.003	—
Diuretics	59	0.012	—	—	—	0.035	0.020	—	—
ACE inhibitors	35	—	—	—	—	—	0.018	—	—
Cisapride	8	0.036	0.040	0.012	—	—	—	—	—
Ranitidin	20	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.023	—
High fruit intake	143	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.005
High vegetable intake	153	—	—	—	0.038	—	0.037	—	—

GST, glutathione S-transferase; GSTA, glutathione S-transferase alpha; GSTP, glutathione S-transferase pi; GSTT1, glutathione S-transferase theta1; A, antrum; D, duodenum; n, number of patients on specific drug compared with all not on drugs (n=25) by multivariate ANOVA.

Cytostatic drugs suppressed GST activity while the other drugs or diets had an inducing effect.

No significant effects were observed for aspirin, antibiotics, nitrates, β blockers, proton pump inhibitors, digitalis, thiamazol, calcium antagonists, L-thyroxin, and high intake of garlic and onions.

Patients on high vegetable and high fruit intake (4–7 days a week) were compared with those on low intake (1–3 days a week) (n=42 for low vegetable and n=49 for low fruit consumption).