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Protective effect of apple polyphenol extracts (APE), catechin (CAT), or chlorogenic acid (CA) against xanthine-xanthine oxidase (X-XO) induced cell injury. Cells were incubated with serum free medium (control) or with APE (10−4 M), CAT (10−4 M), or CA(10−4 M) for three hours and then, after washing, with X (1 mM)-XO (50 mU/ml) or serum free medium (control) for two hours. Mean (SD) from three separate experiments run in duplicate. *p<0.05 versus control; †p<0.05 versus X-XO.
