Table 2.

 Time course of apple polyphenol extracts (APE) protection against xanthine-xanthine oxidase (X-XO) induced cell damage

	Cell viability (%)
	1 h	3 h	6 h	12 h	20 h
Control	100	100	100	100	100
X-XO	38.5 (1.8)*	39.9 (2.6)*	37.5 (2.4)*	37.9 (1.8)*	41.4 (1.7)*
APE	99 (1.0)	100 (2.9)	102 (3.6)	96 (2.7)	97 (3.5)
APE, X-XO	35.2 (2.5)	70.2 (1.5)†	50 (2.5)†	48.8 (1.2)†	40.4 (0.9)

Mean (SD) from three separate experiments run in duplicate.

Control, cells treated with serum free medium for 1–20 hours and then with vehicle for X-XO for two hours.

X-XO, cells treated with serum free medium for 1–20 hours and then with X (1 mM)+XO (50 mU/ml) for two hours.

APE, cells treated with APE (10⁻⁴ M) for 1–20 hours and then with vehicle for X-XO for two hours.

APE, X-XO, cells treated with APE (10⁻⁴ M) for 1–20 hours and then with X (1 mM)+XO (50 mU/ml) for two hours.

*p<0.05 versus control; †p<0.05 versus X-XO.