Abstract
BpH1, the Bordetella pertussis H1 homolog, interacts with chromosomal DNA. With DNase I protection assays, we demonstrate in this study that BpH1 binds DNA in a nonspecific manner and that it may cover DNA fragments from end to end. Although the binding was shown to be nonspecific, preferential binding sites and sites resistant to BpH1 binding were identified within and upstream of the pertussis toxin promoter sequence. In the presence of DNA ligase, BpH1 favored the formation of multimeric DNA fragments of various sizes and prevented ring closures, suggesting a diminished flexibility of the DNA fragments and thus indicating that BpH1 acts as a macromolecular crowding agent.
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (705.3 KB).
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Aricó B., Miller J. F., Roy C., Stibitz S., Monack D., Falkow S., Gross R., Rappuoli R. Sequences required for expression of Bordetella pertussis virulence factors share homology with prokaryotic signal transduction proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Sep;86(17):6671–6675. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.17.6671. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Barry C. E., 3rd, Brickman T. J., Hackstadt T. Hc1-mediated effects on DNA structure: a potential regulator of chlamydial development. Mol Microbiol. 1993 Jul;9(2):273–283. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1993.tb01689.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Barry C. E., 3rd, Hayes S. F., Hackstadt T. Nucleoid condensation in Escherichia coli that express a chlamydial histone homolog. Science. 1992 Apr 17;256(5055):377–379. doi: 10.1126/science.256.5055.377. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Coote J. G. Antigenic switching and pathogenicity: environmental effects on virulence gene expression in Bordetella pertussis. J Gen Microbiol. 1991 Nov;137(11):2493–2503. doi: 10.1099/00221287-137-11-2493. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dorman C. J. DNA supercoiling and environmental regulation of gene expression in pathogenic bacteria. Infect Immun. 1991 Mar;59(3):745–749. doi: 10.1128/iai.59.3.745-749.1991. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Drlica K., Rouviere-Yaniv J. Histonelike proteins of bacteria. Microbiol Rev. 1987 Sep;51(3):301–319. doi: 10.1128/mr.51.3.301-319.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gross R., Rappuoli R. Pertussis toxin promoter sequences involved in modulation. J Bacteriol. 1989 Jul;171(7):4026–4030. doi: 10.1128/jb.171.7.4026-4030.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hackstadt T., Baehr W., Ying Y. Chlamydia trachomatis developmentally regulated protein is homologous to eukaryotic histone H1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 May 1;88(9):3937–3941. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.9.3937. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Miller J. F., Mekalanos J. J., Falkow S. Coordinate regulation and sensory transduction in the control of bacterial virulence. Science. 1989 Feb 17;243(4893):916–922. doi: 10.1126/science.2537530. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Morales V. M., Bäckman A., Bagdasarian M. A series of wide-host-range low-copy-number vectors that allow direct screening for recombinants. Gene. 1991 Jan 2;97(1):39–47. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(91)90007-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Owen-Hughes T. A., Pavitt G. D., Santos D. S., Sidebotham J. M., Hulton C. S., Hinton J. C., Higgins C. F. The chromatin-associated protein H-NS interacts with curved DNA to influence DNA topology and gene expression. Cell. 1992 Oct 16;71(2):255–265. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(92)90354-f. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pettijohn D. E. Histone-like proteins and bacterial chromosome structure. J Biol Chem. 1988 Sep 15;263(26):12793–12796. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pil P. M., Chow C. S., Lippard S. J. High-mobility-group 1 protein mediates DNA bending as determined by ring closures. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Oct 15;90(20):9465–9469. doi: 10.1073/pnas.90.20.9465. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pruss G. J., Drlica K. DNA supercoiling and prokaryotic transcription. Cell. 1989 Feb 24;56(4):521–523. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90574-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pérez-Martín J., Rojo F., de Lorenzo V. Promoters responsive to DNA bending: a common theme in prokaryotic gene expression. Microbiol Rev. 1994 Jun;58(2):268–290. doi: 10.1128/mr.58.2.268-290.1994. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Scarlato V., Aricò B., Goyard S., Ricci S., Manetti R., Prugnola A., Manetti R., Polverino-De-Laureto P., Ullmann A., Rappuoli R. A novel chromatin-forming histone H1 homologue is encoded by a dispensable and growth-regulated gene in Bordetella pertussis. Mol Microbiol. 1995 Mar;15(5):871–881. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1995.tb02357.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Scarlato V., Aricò B., Prugnola A., Rappuoli R. Sequential activation and environmental regulation of virulence genes in Bordetella pertussis. EMBO J. 1991 Dec;10(12):3971–3975. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1991.tb04967.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Scarlato V., Prugnola A., Aricó B., Rappuoli R. Positive transcriptional feedback at the bvg locus controls expression of virulence factors in Bordetella pertussis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Sep;87(17):6753–6757. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.17.6753. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schmid M. B. More than just "histone-like" proteins. Cell. 1990 Nov 2;63(3):451–453. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90438-k. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shore D., Langowski J., Baldwin R. L. DNA flexibility studied by covalent closure of short fragments into circles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Aug;78(8):4833–4837. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.8.4833. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sobczak J., Duguet M. Effect of histone H1, poly(ethyleneglycol) and DNA concentration on intermolecular and intramolecular ligation by T4 DNA ligase. Eur J Biochem. 1988 Aug 1;175(2):379–385. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1988.tb14207.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tupper A. E., Owen-Hughes T. A., Ussery D. W., Santos D. S., Ferguson D. J., Sidebotham J. M., Hinton J. C., Higgins C. F. The chromatin-associated protein H-NS alters DNA topology in vitro. EMBO J. 1994 Jan 1;13(1):258–268. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06256.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wang J. Y., Syvanen M. DNA twist as a transcriptional sensor for environmental changes. Mol Microbiol. 1992 Jul;6(14):1861–1866. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1992.tb01358.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]