Abstract
The expression of a transcriptional gyrA-lacZ gene fusion throughout the Escherichia coli growth cycle and the effect that mutation delta crp39 had on this expression were studied. The data obtained indicate that the expression of gyrA is growth phase dependent and under the positive control of the cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP). Complementation analysis of gyrA-lacZ expression with wild-type CRP or variant CRP pc (with a T-to-A mutation at position 158) in a CRP-deficient background suggests that this CRP action is mediated by a class I or class II CRP-dependent promoter(s). Our results also indicate that CRP may be involved in the modulation of DNA topology in the transition from the lag period to the exponential phase of growth.
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (294.4 KB).
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Balke V. L., Gralla J. D. Changes in the linking number of supercoiled DNA accompany growth transitions in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 1987 Oct;169(10):4499–4506. doi: 10.1128/jb.169.10.4499-4506.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Barber A. M., Zhurkin V. B., Adhya S. CRP-binding sites: evidence for two structural classes with 6-bp and 8-bp spacers. Gene. 1993 Aug 16;130(1):1–8. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(93)90339-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Barber A. M., Zhurkin V. B. CAP binding sites reveal pyrimidine-purine pattern characteristic of DNA bending. J Biomol Struct Dyn. 1990 Oct;8(2):213–232. doi: 10.1080/07391102.1990.10507803. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Berg O. G., von Hippel P. H. Selection of DNA binding sites by regulatory proteins. II. The binding specificity of cyclic AMP receptor protein to recognition sites. J Mol Biol. 1988 Apr 20;200(4):709–723. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(88)90482-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bolivar F., Rodriguez R. L., Greene P. J., Betlach M. C., Heyneker H. L., Boyer H. W., Crosa J. H., Falkow S. Construction and characterization of new cloning vehicles. II. A multipurpose cloning system. Gene. 1977;2(2):95–113. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Botsford J. L., Harman J. G. Cyclic AMP in prokaryotes. Microbiol Rev. 1992 Mar;56(1):100–122. doi: 10.1128/mr.56.1.100-122.1992. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Casadaban M. J. Transposition and fusion of the lac genes to selected promoters in Escherichia coli using bacteriophage lambda and Mu. J Mol Biol. 1976 Jul 5;104(3):541–555. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(76)90119-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chang A. C., Cohen S. N. Construction and characterization of amplifiable multicopy DNA cloning vehicles derived from the P15A cryptic miniplasmid. J Bacteriol. 1978 Jun;134(3):1141–1156. doi: 10.1128/jb.134.3.1141-1156.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dorman C. J., Barr G. C., Ni Bhriain N., Higgins C. F. DNA supercoiling and the anaerobic and growth phase regulation of tonB gene expression. J Bacteriol. 1988 Jun;170(6):2816–2826. doi: 10.1128/jb.170.6.2816-2826.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Drlica K. Control of bacterial DNA supercoiling. Mol Microbiol. 1992 Feb;6(4):425–433. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1992.tb01486.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ebright R. H. Transcription activation at Class I CAP-dependent promoters. Mol Microbiol. 1993 May;8(5):797–802. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1993.tb01626.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gunasekera A., Ebright Y. W., Ebright R. H. DNA sequence determinants for binding of the Escherichia coli catabolite gene activator protein. J Biol Chem. 1992 Jul 25;267(21):14713–14720. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Higgins C. F., Dorman C. J., Stirling D. A., Waddell L., Booth I. R., May G., Bremer E. A physiological role for DNA supercoiling in the osmotic regulation of gene expression in S. typhimurium and E. coli. Cell. 1988 Feb 26;52(4):569–584. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(88)90470-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hsieh L. S., Burger R. M., Drlica K. Bacterial DNA supercoiling and [ATP]/[ADP]. Changes associated with a transition to anaerobic growth. J Mol Biol. 1991 Jun 5;219(3):443–450. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(91)90185-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kokotek W., Lotz W. Construction of a lacZ-kanamycin-resistance cassette, useful for site-directed mutagenesis and as a promoter probe. Gene. 1989 Dec 14;84(2):467–471. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(89)90522-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kolb A., Busby S., Buc H., Garges S., Adhya S. Transcriptional regulation by cAMP and its receptor protein. Annu Rev Biochem. 1993;62:749–795. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.62.070193.003533. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Matin A., Auger E. A., Blum P. H., Schultz J. E. Genetic basis of starvation survival in nondifferentiating bacteria. Annu Rev Microbiol. 1989;43:293–316. doi: 10.1146/annurev.mi.43.100189.001453. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mayo O., Hernández-Chico C., Moreno F. Microcin B17, a novel tool for preparation of maxicells: identification of polypeptides encoded by the IncFII minireplicon pMccB17. J Bacteriol. 1988 May;170(5):2414–2417. doi: 10.1128/jb.170.5.2414-2417.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Menzel R., Gellert M. Fusions of the Escherichia coli gyrA and gyrB control regions to the galactokinase gene are inducible by coumermycin treatment. J Bacteriol. 1987 Mar;169(3):1272–1278. doi: 10.1128/jb.169.3.1272-1278.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Menzel R., Gellert M. Regulation of the genes for E. coli DNA gyrase: homeostatic control of DNA supercoiling. Cell. 1983 Aug;34(1):105–113. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90140-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Menzel R., Gellert M. The biochemistry and biology of DNA gyrase. Adv Pharmacol. 1994;29A:39–69. doi: 10.1016/s1054-3589(08)60539-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schultz J. E., Latter G. I., Matin A. Differential regulation by cyclic AMP of starvation protein synthesis in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 1988 Sep;170(9):3903–3909. doi: 10.1128/jb.170.9.3903-3909.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Swanberg S. L., Wang J. C. Cloning and sequencing of the Escherichia coli gyrA gene coding for the A subunit of DNA gyrase. J Mol Biol. 1987 Oct 20;197(4):729–736. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(87)90479-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tse-Dinh Y. C., Beran R. K. Multiple promoters for transcription of the Escherichia coli DNA topoisomerase I gene and their regulation by DNA supercoiling. J Mol Biol. 1988 Aug 20;202(4):735–742. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(88)90554-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wang J. C. DNA topoisomerases. Annu Rev Biochem. 1985;54:665–697. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.54.070185.003313. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Weichart D., Lange R., Henneberg N., Hengge-Aronis R. Identification and characterization of stationary phase-inducible genes in Escherichia coli. Mol Microbiol. 1993 Oct;10(2):407–420. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zhou Y., Merkel T. J., Ebright R. H. Characterization of the activating region of Escherichia coli catabolite gene activator protein (CAP). II. Role at Class I and class II CAP-dependent promoters. J Mol Biol. 1994 Nov 4;243(4):603–610. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(94)90035-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zhou Y., Zhang X., Ebright R. H. Identification of the activating region of catabolite gene activator protein (CAP): isolation and characterization of mutants of CAP specifically defective in transcription activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Jul 1;90(13):6081–6085. doi: 10.1073/pnas.90.13.6081. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- de Crombrugghe B., Busby S., Buc H. Cyclic AMP receptor protein: role in transcription activation. Science. 1984 May 25;224(4651):831–838. doi: 10.1126/science.6372090. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
