Abstract
Chloramphenicol is frequently used for better visualization of the Escherichia coli nucleoid. Here, we show that chloramphenicol causes not only rounding off of the nucleoid but also fusion of as many as four separated nucleoids. Nucleoid fusion occurred in fast-growing cells and in filaments obtained by dicF antisense RNA induction or in ftsZ84(Ts) and pbpB(Ts) mutants. Thus, treatment with chloramphenicol erroneously suggests that DNA segregation is inhibited.
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (802.6 KB).
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Begg K. J., Donachie W. D. Experiments on chromosome separation and positioning in Escherichia coli. New Biol. 1991 May;3(5):475–486. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dai K., Lutkenhaus J. ftsZ is an essential cell division gene in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 1991 Jun;173(11):3500–3506. doi: 10.1128/jb.173.11.3500-3506.1991. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Daneo-Moore L., Higgins M. L. Morphokinetic reaction of Streptococcus faecalis (ATCC 9790) cells to the specific inhibition of macromolecular synthesis: nucleoid condensation on the inhibition of protein synthesis. J Bacteriol. 1972 Mar;109(3):1210–1220. doi: 10.1128/jb.109.3.1210-1220.1972. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Donachie W. D., Begg K. J. Cell length, nucleoid separation, and cell division of rod-shaped and spherical cells of Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 1989 Sep;171(9):4633–4639. doi: 10.1128/jb.171.9.4633-4639.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hiraga S., Ogura T., Niki H., Ichinose C., Mori H. Positioning of replicated chromosomes in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 1990 Jan;172(1):31–39. doi: 10.1128/jb.172.1.31-39.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Løbner-Olesen A., Hansen F. G., Rasmussen K. V., Martin B., Kuempel P. L. The initiation cascade for chromosome replication in wild-type and Dam methyltransferase deficient Escherichia coli cells. EMBO J. 1994 Apr 15;13(8):1856–1862. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06454.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Partridge S. R., Wake R. G. FtsZ and nucleoid segregation during outgrowth of Bacillus subtilis spores. J Bacteriol. 1995 May;177(9):2560–2563. doi: 10.1128/jb.177.9.2560-2563.1995. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ryter A., Chang A. Localization of transcribing genes in the bacterial cell by means of high resolution autoradiography. J Mol Biol. 1975 Nov 15;98(4):797–810. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(75)80011-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SCHAECHTER M., LAING V. O. Direct observation of fusion of bacterial nuclei. J Bacteriol. 1961 Apr;81:667–668. doi: 10.1128/jb.81.4.667-668.1961. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- STEINBERG B. Les modifications de la structure interne de E. coli B sous l'action d'antibiotiques. Schweiz Z Pathol Bakteriol. 1952;15(4):432–443. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Taschner P. E., Huls P. G., Pas E., Woldringh C. L. Division behavior and shape changes in isogenic ftsZ, ftsQ, ftsA, pbpB, and ftsE cell division mutants of Escherichia coli during temperature shift experiments. J Bacteriol. 1988 Apr;170(4):1533–1540. doi: 10.1128/jb.170.4.1533-1540.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tétart F., Albigot R., Conter A., Mulder E., Bouché J. P. Involvement of FtsZ in coupling of nucleoid separation with septation. Mol Microbiol. 1992 Mar;6(5):621–627. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1992.tb01509.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tétart F., Bouché J. P. Regulation of the expression of the cell-cycle gene ftsZ by DicF antisense RNA. Division does not require a fixed number of FtsZ molecules. Mol Microbiol. 1992 Mar;6(5):615–620. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1992.tb01508.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Valkenburg J. A., Woldringh C. L. Phase separation between nucleoid and cytoplasm in Escherichia coli as defined by immersive refractometry. J Bacteriol. 1984 Dec;160(3):1151–1157. doi: 10.1128/jb.160.3.1151-1157.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Woldringh C. L., Mulder E., Huls P. G., Vischer N. Toporegulation of bacterial division according to the nucleoid occlusion model. Res Microbiol. 1991 Feb-Apr;142(2-3):309–320. doi: 10.1016/0923-2508(91)90046-d. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zusman D. R., Carbonell A., Haga J. Y. Nucleoid condensation and cell division in Escherichia coli MX74T2 ts52 after inhibition of protein synthesis. J Bacteriol. 1973 Sep;115(3):1167–1178. doi: 10.1128/jb.115.3.1167-1178.1973. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zyskind J. W., Svitil A. L., Stine W. B., Biery M. C., Smith D. W. RecA protein of Escherichia coli and chromosome partitioning. Mol Microbiol. 1992 Sep;6(17):2525–2537. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1992.tb01429.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- van Helvoort J. M., Woldringh C. L. Nucleoid partitioning in Escherichia coli during steady-state growth and upon recovery from chloramphenicol treatment. Mol Microbiol. 1994 Aug;13(4):577–583. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1994.tb00452.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]