Abstract
To identify the structural defects of nonsporulating mutants of Streptomyces griseus, the wild-type strain and class III bald mutants were examined by using transmission electron microscopy, ultrasonic treatment, and fluorescence microscopy after the induction of submerged sporulation by phosphate starvation. In the wild-type strain, submerged sporulation was marked by the relatively synchronous formation of sporogenic hyphae, nucleoid segregation, deposition of sporulation septa, and subsequent thickening of the spore walls during maturation. All of the class III mutants prematurely synthesized sporulation septa and thick spore walls. The class IIIA and C mutants formed sporogenic hyphae earlier than the wild-type strain and underwent nucleoid segregation in parallel with sporulation septum formation. In the class IIIB (bld4) mutant, DNA segregation appeared to be uncoupled from septum formation. The results indicate that the class III mutants are defective in loci that are involved in the regulation of key events of Streptomyces morphogenesis.
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (981.0 KB).
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Babcock M. J., Kendrick K. E. Cloning of DNA involved in sporulation of Streptomyces griseus. J Bacteriol. 1988 Jun;170(6):2802–2808. doi: 10.1128/jb.170.6.2802-2808.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chater K. F. A morphological and genetic mapping study of white colony mutants of Streptomyces coelicolor. J Gen Microbiol. 1972 Aug;72(1):9–28. doi: 10.1099/00221287-72-1-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- GLAUERT A. M., HOPWOOD D. A. The fine structure of Streptomyces violaceoruber (S. coelicolor). III. The walls of the mycelium and spores. J Biophys Biochem Cytol. 1961 Aug;10:505–516. doi: 10.1083/jcb.10.4.505. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Granozzi C., Billetta R., Passantino R., Sollazzo M., Puglia A. M. A breakdown in macromolecular synthesis preceding differentiation in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). J Gen Microbiol. 1990 Apr;136(4):713–716. doi: 10.1099/00221287-136-4-713. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hardisson C., Manzanal M. B. Ultrastructural studies of sporulation in Streptomyces. J Bacteriol. 1976 Sep;127(3):1443–1454. doi: 10.1128/jb.127.3.1443-1454.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hiraga S., Niki H., Ogura T., Ichinose C., Mori H., Ezaki B., Jaffé A. Chromosome partitioning in Escherichia coli: novel mutants producing anucleate cells. J Bacteriol. 1989 Mar;171(3):1496–1505. doi: 10.1128/jb.171.3.1496-1505.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kendrick K. E., Ensign J. C. Sporulation of Streptomyces griseus in submerged culture. J Bacteriol. 1983 Jul;155(1):357–366. doi: 10.1128/jb.155.1.357-366.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kroening T. A., Kendrick K. E. In vivo regulation of histidine ammonia-lyase activity from Streptomyces griseus. J Bacteriol. 1987 Feb;169(2):823–829. doi: 10.1128/jb.169.2.823-829.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kwak J., McCue L. A., Kendrick K. E. Identification of bldA mutants of Streptomyces griseus. Gene. 1996 May 24;171(1):75–78. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(96)00066-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lawlor E. J., Baylis H. A., Chater K. F. Pleiotropic morphological and antibiotic deficiencies result from mutations in a gene encoding a tRNA-like product in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). Genes Dev. 1987 Dec;1(10):1305–1310. doi: 10.1101/gad.1.10.1305. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Leskiw B. K., Lawlor E. J., Fernandez-Abalos J. M., Chater K. F. TTA codons in some genes prevent their expression in a class of developmental, antibiotic-negative, Streptomyces mutants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Mar 15;88(6):2461–2465. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.6.2461. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ma H., Kendall K. Cloning and analysis of a gene cluster from Streptomyces coelicolor that causes accelerated aerial mycelium formation in Streptomyces lividans. J Bacteriol. 1994 Jun;176(12):3800–3811. doi: 10.1128/jb.176.12.3800-3811.1994. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- McCormick J. R., Su E. P., Driks A., Losick R. Growth and viability of Streptomyces coelicolor mutant for the cell division gene ftsZ. Mol Microbiol. 1994 Oct;14(2):243–254. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1994.tb01285.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- McCue L. A., Kwak J., Babcock M. J., Kendrick K. E. Molecular analysis of sporulation in Streptomyces griseus. Gene. 1992 Jun 15;115(1-2):173–179. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(92)90556-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- McCue L. A., Kwak J., Wang J., Kendrick K. E. Analysis of a gene that suppresses the morphological defect of bald mutants of Streptomyces griseus. J Bacteriol. 1996 May;178(10):2867–2875. doi: 10.1128/jb.178.10.2867-2875.1996. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- McVittie A. Ultrastructural studies on sporulation in wild-type and white colony mutants of Streptomyces coelicolor. J Gen Microbiol. 1974 Apr;81(2):291–302. doi: 10.1099/00221287-81-2-291. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Méndez C., Braña A. F., Manzanal M. B., Hardisson C. Role of substrate mycelium in colony development in Streptomyces. Can J Microbiol. 1985 May;31(5):446–450. doi: 10.1139/m85-083. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- REYNOLDS E. S. The use of lead citrate at high pH as an electron-opaque stain in electron microscopy. J Cell Biol. 1963 Apr;17:208–212. doi: 10.1083/jcb.17.1.208. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schaeffer P., Millet J., Aubert J. P. Catabolic repression of bacterial sporulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1965 Sep;54(3):704–711. doi: 10.1073/pnas.54.3.704. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wildermuth H. Development and organization of the aerial mycelium in Streptomyces coelicolor. J Gen Microbiol. 1970 Jan;60(1):43–50. doi: 10.1099/00221287-60-1-43. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wildermuth H., Hopwood D. A. Septation during sporulation in Streptomyces coelicolor. J Gen Microbiol. 1970 Jan;60(1):51–59. doi: 10.1099/00221287-60-1-51. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Willey J., Santamaria R., Guijarro J., Geistlich M., Losick R. Extracellular complementation of a developmental mutation implicates a small sporulation protein in aerial mycelium formation by S. coelicolor. Cell. 1991 May 17;65(4):641–650. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90096-h. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Willey J., Schwedock J., Losick R. Multiple extracellular signals govern the production of a morphogenetic protein involved in aerial mycelium formation by Streptomyces coelicolor. Genes Dev. 1993 May;7(5):895–903. doi: 10.1101/gad.7.5.895. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
