Abstract
A flaD (sinR) null mutation depressed sigD-lacZ expression only two- to fourfold, whereas a flaD1 point mutation depressed it almost completely. Introduction of pHYSigD, a sigmaD-overproducing plasmid, corrected the filamentous phenotype common to both sinR mutants; autolysin synthesis was restored partially and completely in the flaD1 and flaD (sinR) null strains, respectively. Flagellin synthesis and motility were not restored at all in either strain.
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (348.7 KB).
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Anagnostopoulos C., Spizizen J. REQUIREMENTS FOR TRANSFORMATION IN BACILLUS SUBTILIS. J Bacteriol. 1961 May;81(5):741–746. doi: 10.1128/jb.81.5.741-746.1961. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bai U., Mandic-Mulec I., Smith I. SinI modulates the activity of SinR, a developmental switch protein of Bacillus subtilis, by protein-protein interaction. Genes Dev. 1993 Jan;7(1):139–148. doi: 10.1101/gad.7.1.139. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Barilla D., Caramori T., Galizzi A. Coupling of flagellin gene transcription to flagellar assembly in Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol. 1994 Aug;176(15):4558–4564. doi: 10.1128/jb.176.15.4558-4564.1994. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chen L., Helmann J. D. The Bacillus subtilis sigma D-dependent operon encoding the flagellar proteins FliD, FliS, and FliT. J Bacteriol. 1994 Jun;176(11):3093–3101. doi: 10.1128/jb.176.11.3093-3101.1994. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fredrick K., Caramori T., Chen Y. F., Galizzi A., Helmann J. D. Promoter architecture in the flagellar regulon of Bacillus subtilis: high-level expression of flagellin by the sigma D RNA polymerase requires an upstream promoter element. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Mar 28;92(7):2582–2586. doi: 10.1073/pnas.92.7.2582. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gaur N. K., Cabane K., Smith I. Structure and expression of the Bacillus subtilis sin operon. J Bacteriol. 1988 Mar;170(3):1046–1053. doi: 10.1128/jb.170.3.1046-1053.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gaur N. K., Dubnau E., Smith I. Characterization of a cloned Bacillus subtilis gene that inhibits sporulation in multiple copies. J Bacteriol. 1986 Nov;168(2):860–869. doi: 10.1128/jb.168.2.860-869.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gaur N. K., Oppenheim J., Smith I. The Bacillus subtilis sin gene, a regulator of alternate developmental processes, codes for a DNA-binding protein. J Bacteriol. 1991 Jan;173(2):678–686. doi: 10.1128/jb.173.2.678-686.1991. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Helmann J. D., Márquez L. M., Chamberlin M. J. Cloning, sequencing, and disruption of the Bacillus subtilis sigma 28 gene. J Bacteriol. 1988 Apr;170(4):1568–1574. doi: 10.1128/jb.170.4.1568-1574.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kuroda A., Sekiguchi J. High-level transcription of the major Bacillus subtilis autolysin operon depends on expression of the sigma D gene and is affected by a sin (flaD) mutation. J Bacteriol. 1993 Feb;175(3):795–801. doi: 10.1128/jb.175.3.795-801.1993. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kuroda A., Sekiguchi J. Molecular cloning and sequencing of a major Bacillus subtilis autolysin gene. J Bacteriol. 1991 Nov;173(22):7304–7312. doi: 10.1128/jb.173.22.7304-7312.1991. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Laemmli U. K. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature. 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):680–685. doi: 10.1038/227680a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lazarevic V., Margot P., Soldo B., Karamata D. Sequencing and analysis of the Bacillus subtilis lytRABC divergon: a regulatory unit encompassing the structural genes of the N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase and its modifier. J Gen Microbiol. 1992 Sep;138(9):1949–1961. doi: 10.1099/00221287-138-9-1949. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mandic-Mulec I., Doukhan L., Smith I. The Bacillus subtilis SinR protein is a repressor of the key sporulation gene spo0A. J Bacteriol. 1995 Aug;177(16):4619–4627. doi: 10.1128/jb.177.16.4619-4627.1995. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mandic-Mulec I., Gaur N., Bai U., Smith I. Sin, a stage-specific repressor of cellular differentiation. J Bacteriol. 1992 Jun;174(11):3561–3569. doi: 10.1128/jb.174.11.3561-3569.1992. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mirel D. B., Chamberlin M. J. The Bacillus subtilis flagellin gene (hag) is transcribed by the sigma 28 form of RNA polymerase. J Bacteriol. 1989 Jun;171(6):3095–3101. doi: 10.1128/jb.171.6.3095-3101.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Márquez-Magaña L. M., Chamberlin M. J. Characterization of the sigD transcription unit of Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol. 1994 Apr;176(8):2427–2434. doi: 10.1128/jb.176.8.2427-2434.1994. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Márquez-Magaña L. M., Mirel D. B., Chamberlin M. J. Regulation of sigma D expression and activity by spo0, abrB, and sin gene products in Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol. 1994 Apr;176(8):2435–2438. doi: 10.1128/jb.176.8.2435-2438.1994. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Márquez L. M., Helmann J. D., Ferrari E., Parker H. M., Ordal G. W., Chamberlin M. J. Studies of sigma D-dependent functions in Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol. 1990 Jun;172(6):3435–3443. doi: 10.1128/jb.172.6.3435-3443.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rashid M. H., Kuroda A., Sekiguchi J. Bacillus subtilis mutant deficient in the major autolytic amidase and glucosaminidase is impaired in motility. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1993 Sep 1;112(2):135–140. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1993.tb06438.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rashid M. H., Mori M., Sekiguchi J. Glucosaminidase of Bacillus subtilis: cloning, regulation, primary structure and biochemical characterization. Microbiology. 1995 Oct;141(Pt 10):2391–2404. doi: 10.1099/13500872-141-10-2391. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rashid M. H., Tamakoshi A., Sekiguchi J. Effects of mecA and mecB (clpC) mutations on expression of sigD, which encodes an alternative sigma factor, and autolysin operons and on flagellin synthesis in Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol. 1996 Aug;178(16):4861–4869. doi: 10.1128/jb.178.16.4861-4869.1996. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sekiguchi J., Ezaki B., Kodama K., Akamatsu T. Molecular cloning of a gene affecting the autolysin level and flagellation in Bacillus subtilis. J Gen Microbiol. 1988 Jun;134(6):1611–1621. doi: 10.1099/00221287-134-6-1611. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sekiguchi J., Ohsu H., Kuroda A., Moriyama H., Akamatsu T. Nucleotide sequences of the Bacillus subtilis flaD locus and a B. licheniformis homologue affecting the autolysin level and flagellation. J Gen Microbiol. 1990 Jul;136(7):1223–1230. doi: 10.1099/00221287-136-7-1223. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]