Full text
PDF




Images in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- ABDEL-NABY S., HASSANEIN M. NEUROPSYCHIATRIC MANIFESTATIONS OF CHRONIC MANGANESE POISONING. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1965 Jun;28:282–288. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.28.3.282. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- ADAMS R., VAN BOGAERT L., VAN DER EECKEN H. [Nigro-striate and cerebello-nigro-striate degeneration. (Clinical uniqueness and pathological variability of presenile degeneration of the extrapyramidal rigidity type]. Psychiatr Neurol (Basel) 1961;142:219–259. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- ANDEN N. E., DAHLSTROEM A., FUXE K., LARSSON K. FURTHER EVIDENCE FOR THE PRESENCE OF NIGRO-NEOSTRIATAL DOPAMINE NEURONS IN THE RAT. Am J Anat. 1965 Jan;116:329–333. doi: 10.1002/aja.1001160117. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- APPENZELLER O., DESCARRIES L. CIRCULATORY REFLEXES IN PATIENTS WITH CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE. N Engl J Med. 1964 Oct 15;271:820–823. doi: 10.1056/NEJM196410152711604. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BIRKMAYER W., HORNYKIEWICZ O. [The L-3,4-dioxyphenylalanine (DOPA)-effect in Parkinson-akinesia]. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 1961 Nov 10;73:787–788. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BLASCHKO H. Metabolism and storage of biogenic amines. Experientia. 1957 Jan 15;13(1):9–13. doi: 10.1007/BF02156938. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BRADSHAW P., CRAWFORD B., DOSHAY L. J., GARLAND H., GARVEY E., SCHWAB R. S. Shift to older age distribution in parkinsonism; a report on 1,000 patients covering the past decade from three centers. Neurology. 1956 Nov;6(11):783–790. doi: 10.1212/wnl.6.11.783. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BROWNELL B., OPPENHEIMER D. R. AN ATAXIC FORM OF SUBACUTE PRESENILE POLIOENCEPHALOPATHY (CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB DISEASE). J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1965 Aug;28:350–361. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.28.4.350. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BUNNELL S. Ischaemic contracture, local, in the hand. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1953 Jan;35-A(1):88–101. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BUNNELL S. Surgery of the rheumatic hand. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1955 Jul;37-A(4):759–passim. doi: 10.1097/00000441-194511000-00043. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Barbeau A., Gillo-Joffroy L., Boucher R., Nowaczynski W., Genest J. Renin-aldosterone system in Parkinson's disease. Science. 1969 Jul 18;165(3890):291–292. doi: 10.1126/science.165.3890.291. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Barbeau A., Gillo-Joffroy L., Mars H. Treatment of Parkinson's disease with levodopa and Ro 4-4602. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1971 Mar-Apr;12(2):353–359. doi: 10.1002/cpt1971122part2353. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bartholini G., Burkard W. P., Pletscher A. Increase of cerebral catecholamines caused by 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine after inhibition of peripheral decarboxylase. Nature. 1967 Aug 19;215(5103):852–853. doi: 10.1038/215852b0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Beck E., Daniel P. M., Matthews W. B., Stevens D. L., Alpers M. P., Asher D. M., Gajdusek D. C., Gibbs C. J., Jr Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. The neuropathology of a transmission experiment. Brain. 1969;92(4):699–716. doi: 10.1093/brain/92.4.699. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Behrman S., Carroll J. D., Janota I., Matthews W. B. Progressive supranuclear palsy. Clinico-pathological study of four cases. Brain. 1969;92(3):663–678. doi: 10.1093/brain/92.3.663. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- CARLSSON A., LINDQVIST M., MAGNUSSON T. 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine and 5-hydroxytryptophan as reserpine antagonists. Nature. 1957 Nov 30;180(4596):1200–1200. doi: 10.1038/1801200a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- CARPENTER M. B., MCMASTERS R. E. LESIONS OF THE SUBSTANTIA NIGRA IN THE RHESUS MONKEY. EFFERENT FIBER DEGENERATION AND BEHAVIORAL OBSERVATIONS. Am J Anat. 1964 Mar;114:293–319. doi: 10.1002/aja.1001140209. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- CARTER H. R., SUKAVAJANA C. Familial cerebello-olivary degeneration with late development of rigidity and dementia. Neurology. 1956 Dec;6(12):876–884. doi: 10.1212/wnl.6.12.876. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- CHOROBSKI J. Involuntary movements in patients with intracranial tumors. Their occurrence and possible pathogenesis. Arch Neurol. 1962 Jan;6:27–42. doi: 10.1001/archneur.1962.00450190029005. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Calne D. B., Shaw D. G., Spiers A. S., Stern G. M. Swallowing in Parkinsonism. Br J Radiol. 1970 Jul;43(511):456–457. doi: 10.1259/0007-1285-43-511-456. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chokroverty S., Barron K. D., Katz F. H., Del Greco F., Sharp J. T. The syndrome of primary orthostatic hypotension. Brain. 1969;92(4):743–768. doi: 10.1093/brain/92.4.743. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Christensen E., Moller J. E., Faurbye A. Neuropathological investigation of 28 brains from patients with dyskinesia. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1970;46(1):14–23. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1970.tb02097.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Connor J. D. Caudate unit responses to nigral stimuli: evidence for a possible nigro-neostriatal pathway. Science. 1968 May 24;160(3830):899–900. doi: 10.1126/science.160.3830.899. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cotzias G. C., Papavasiliou P. S., Gellene R. Modification of Parkinsonism--chronic treatment with L-dopa. N Engl J Med. 1969 Feb 13;280(7):337–345. doi: 10.1056/NEJM196902132800701. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cotzias G. C., Van Woert M. H., Schiffer L. M. Aromatic amino acids and modification of parkinsonism. N Engl J Med. 1967 Feb 16;276(7):374–379. doi: 10.1056/NEJM196702162760703. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- DUVOISIN R. C., YAHR M. D., SCHWEITZER M. D., MERRITT H. H. PARKINSONISM BEFORE AND SINCE THE EPIDEMIC OF ENCEPHALITIS LETHARGICA. Arch Neurol. 1963 Sep;9:232–236. doi: 10.1001/archneur.1963.00460090038003. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dix M. R., Harrison M. J., Lewis P. D. Progressive supranuclear palsy (the Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome). A report of 9 cases with particular reference to the mechanism of the oculomotor disorder. J Neurol Sci. 1971 Jul;13(3):237–256. doi: 10.1016/0022-510x(71)90029-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- EADIE M. J., SUTHERLAND J. M. ARTERIOSCLEROSIS IN PARKINSONISM. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1964 Jun;27:237–240. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.27.3.237. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- EADIE M. J. THE PATHOLOGY OF CERTAIN MEDULLARY NUCLEI IN PARKINSONISM. Brain. 1963 Dec;86:781–792. doi: 10.1093/brain/86.4.781. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- EADIE M. J., TYRER J. H. RADIOLOGICAL ABNORMALITIES OF THE UPPER PART OF THE ALIMENTARY TRACT IN PARKINSONISM. Australas Ann Med. 1965 Feb;14:23–27. doi: 10.1111/imj.1965.14.1.23. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- EHRINGER H., HORNYKIEWICZ O. [Distribution of noradrenaline and dopamine (3-hydroxytyramine) in the human brain and their behavior in diseases of the extrapyramidal system]. Klin Wochenschr. 1960 Dec 15;38:1236–1239. doi: 10.1007/BF01485901. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Feltz P. Dopamine, amino acids and caudate unitary responses to nigral stimulation. J Physiol. 1969 Nov;205(2):8P–9P. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- GARLAND H. G. Parkinsonism. Br Med J. 1952 Jan 19;1(4750):153–156. doi: 10.1136/bmj.1.4750.153. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- GRODEN B. M. Parkinsonism occurring with methyldopa treatment. Br Med J. 1963 Apr 13;1(5336):1001–1001. doi: 10.1136/bmj.1.5336.1001. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Garland H., Pearce J. Neurological complications of carbon monoxide poisoning. Q J Med. 1967 Oct;36(144):445–455. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- HARDY R. C., STEVENSON L. D. Syringomesencephalia; report of a case with signs of Parkinson's disease having a syrinx of the substantia nigra. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1957 Jul;16(3):365-9; discussion, 369-70. doi: 10.1097/00005072-195707000-00007. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- HIRANO A., ZIMMERMAN H. M. Alzheimer's neurofibrillary changes. A topographic study. Arch Neurol. 1962 Sep;7:227–242. doi: 10.1001/archneur.1962.04210030065009. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hoehn M. M., Yahr M. D. Parkinsonism: onset, progression and mortality. Neurology. 1967 May;17(5):427–442. doi: 10.1212/wnl.17.5.427. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hughes R. C., Polgar J. G., Weightman D., Walton J. N. Levodopa in Parkinsonism: the effects of withdrawal of anticholinergic drugs. Br Med J. 1971 May 29;2(5760):487–491. doi: 10.1136/bmj.2.5760.487. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hunter K. R., Stern G. M., Laurence D. R., Armitage P. Amantadine in parkinsonism. Lancet. 1970 May 30;1(7657):1127–1129. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(70)91210-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Johnson R. H., Lee G. de J., Oppenheimer D. R., Spalding J. M. Autonomic failure with orthostatic hypotension due to intermediolateral column degeneration. A report of two cases with autopsies. Q J Med. 1966 Apr;35(138):276–292. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- KLINE N. S., STANLEY A. M. Use of reserpine in a neuropsychiatric hospital. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1955 Apr 15;61(1):85–91. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1955.tb42454.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Konigsmark B. W., Weiner L. P. The olivopontocerebellar atrophies: a review. Medicine (Baltimore) 1970 May;49(3):227–241. doi: 10.1097/00005792-197005000-00003. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- LAINE V. A., SAIRANEN E., VAINIO K. Finger deformities caused by rheumatoid arthritis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1957 Jun;39-A(3):527–533. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- LANCE J. W., SCHWAB R. S., PETERSON E. A. Action tremor and the cogwheel phenomenon in Parkinson's disease. Brain. 1963 Mar;86:95–110. doi: 10.1093/brain/86.1.95. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- LEWITAN A., NATHANSON L., SLADE W. R., Jr Megacolon and dilatation of the small bowel in parkinsonism. Gastroenterology. 1951 Mar;17(3):367–374. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- LIDDELL E. G. T., PHILLIPS C. G. Thresholds of cortical representation. Brain. 1950 Jun;73(2):125–140. doi: 10.1093/brain/73.2.125. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- MCLENNAN H. THE RELEASE OF ACETYLCHOLINE AND OF 3-HYDROXYTYRAMINE FROM THE CAUDATE NUCLEUS. J Physiol. 1964 Oct;174:152–156. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1964.sp007478. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- McDowell F. H., Lee J. E. Levodopa, Parkinson's disease, and hypotension. Ann Intern Med. 1970 May;72(5):751–752. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-72-5-751. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- McLennan H. The release of dopamine from the putamen. Experientia. 1965 Dec 15;21(12):725–726. doi: 10.1007/BF02138500. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- McLennan H., York D. H. Cholinergic mechanisms in the caudate nucleus. J Physiol. 1966 Nov;187(1):163–175. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1966.sp008080. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mena I., Marin O., Fuenzalida S., Cotzias G. C. Chronic manganese poisoning. Clinical picture and manganese turnover. Neurology. 1967 Feb;17(2):128–136. doi: 10.1212/wnl.17.2.128. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mindham R. H. Psychiatric symptoms in Parkinsonism. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1970 Apr;33(2):188–191. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.33.2.188. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- ONUAGULUCHI G. Crises in post-encephalitic Parkinsonism. Brain. 1961 Sep;84:395–414. doi: 10.1093/brain/84.3.395. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- PALLIS C. A., FUDGE B. J. The neurological complications of Behcet's syndrome. AMA Arch Neurol Psychiatry. 1956 Jan;75(1):1–14. doi: 10.1001/archneurpsyc.1956.02330190009001. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- PEASTON M. J. PARKINSONISM ASSOCIATED WITH ALPHA-METHYLDOPA THERAPY. Br Med J. 1964 Jul 18;2(5402):168–168. doi: 10.1136/bmj.2.5402.168. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- POIRIER L. J., SOURKES T. L. INFLUENCE OF THE SUBSTANTIA NIGRA ON THE CATECHOLAMINE CONTENT OF THE STRIATUM. Brain. 1965 Mar;88:181–192. doi: 10.1093/brain/88.1.181. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- POSKANZER D. C., SCHWAB R. S. Studies in the epidemiology of Parkinson's disease predicting its disappearance as a major clinical entity by 1980. Trans Am Neurol Assoc. 1961;86:234–235. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Parkes J. D., Zilkha K. J., Marsden P., Baxter R. C., Knill-Jones R. P. Amantadine dosage in treatment of Parkinson's disease. Lancet. 1970 May 30;1(7657):1130–1133. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(70)91211-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Parks L. C., Watanabe A. M., Kopin I. J. Prevention or reversal of levodopa-induced cardiac arrhythmias by decarboxylase inhibitors. Lancet. 1970 Nov 14;2(7681):1014–1015. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(70)92818-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pearce J., Aziz H., Gallagher J. C. Primitive reflex activity in primary and symptomatic Parkinsonism. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1968 Oct;31(5):501–508. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.31.5.501. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pollock M., Hornabrook R. W. The prevalence, natural history and dementia of Parkinson's disease. Brain. 1966 Sep;89(3):429–448. doi: 10.1093/brain/89.3.429. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Portig P. J., Vogt M. Release to the cerebral ventricles of substances with possible transmitter function in the caudate nucleus. J Physiol. 1969 Oct;204(3):687–715. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1969.sp008939. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- ROTH R. L., BEBIN J. Cerebral hemispheric tumors and extrapyramidal signs and symptoms. Neurology. 1958 Apr;8(4):277–284. doi: 10.1212/wnl.8.4.277. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Reid J. L., Calne D. B., George C. F., Pallis C., Vakil S. D. Cardiovascular reflexes in Parkinsonism. Clin Sci. 1971 Jul;41(1):63–67. doi: 10.1042/cs0410063. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Roy S., Wolman L. Ultrastructural observations in Parkinsonism. J Pathol. 1969 Sep;99(1):39–44. doi: 10.1002/path.1710990106. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SCHOTLAND D. L., WOLF S. M., WHITE H. H., DUBIN H. V. Neurologic aspects of Behcet's disease. Case report and review of the literature. Am J Med. 1963 Apr;34:544–553. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(63)90078-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SHY G. M., DRAGER G. A. A neurological syndrome associated with orthostatic hypotension: a clinical-pathologic study. Arch Neurol. 1960 May;2:511–527. doi: 10.1001/archneur.1960.03840110025004. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SIEDLER H., MALAMUD N. CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB'S DISEASE. CLINICOPATHOLOGIC REPORT OF 15 CASES AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE (WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO A RELATED DISORDER DESIGNATED AS SUBACUTE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY). J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1963 Jul;22:381–402. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- STEELE J. C., RICHARDSON J. C., OLSZEWSKI J. PROGRESSIVE SUPRANUCLEAR PALSY. A HETEROGENEOUS DEGENERATION INVOLVING THE BRAIN STEM, BASAL GANGLIA AND CEREBELLUM WITH VERTICAL GAZE AND PSEUDOBULBAR PALSY, NUCHAL DYSTONIA AND DEMENTIA. Arch Neurol. 1964 Apr;10:333–359. doi: 10.1001/archneur.1964.00460160003001. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- STERN J., WARD A. A., Jr Supraspinal and drug modulation of the alpha motor system. Arch Neurol. 1962 May;6:404–413. doi: 10.1001/archneur.1962.00450230066008. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schwab R. S., England A. C., Jr, Poskanzer D. C., Young R. R. Amantadine in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. JAMA. 1969 May 19;208(7):1168–1170. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schwarz G. A. The orthostatic hypotension syndrome of Shy-Drager. A clinicopathologic report. Arch Neurol. 1967 Feb;16(2):123–139. doi: 10.1001/archneur.1967.00470200011002. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stern G. The effects of lesions in the substantia nigra. Brain. 1966 Sep;89(3):449–478. doi: 10.1093/brain/89.3.449. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Svensson T. H., Strömberg U. Potentiation by amantadine hydrochloride of L-dopa-induced effects in mice. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1970 Aug;22(8):639–640. doi: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1970.tb10592.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Thapedi I. M., Ashenhurst E. M., Rozdilsky B. Shy-Drager syndrome. Report of an autopsied case. Neurology. 1971 Jan;21(1):26–32. doi: 10.1212/wnl.21.1.26. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Vanderhaeghen J. J., Périer O., Sternon J. E. Pathological findings in idiopathic orthostatic hypotension. Its relationship with Parkinson's disease. Arch Neurol. 1970 Mar;22(3):207–214. doi: 10.1001/archneur.1970.00480210017002. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zeman W., Dyken P. Neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis (Batten's disease): relationship to amaurotic family idiocy? Pediatrics. 1969 Oct;44(4):570–583. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- den HARTOG JAGER W. A., BETHLEM J. The distribution of Lewy bodies in the central and autonomic nervous systems in idiopathic paralysis agitans. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1960 Nov;23:283–290. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.23.4.283. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

