Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy logoLink to Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
. 1985 Aug;28(2):211–215. doi: 10.1128/aac.28.2.211

Use of adjuvants for enhancement of rectal absorption of cefoxitin in humans.

S S Davis, W R Burnham, P Wilson, J O'Brien
PMCID: PMC180221  PMID: 3834830

Abstract

The biological availability of cefoxitin administered rectally in the form of suppositories was examined in six human subjects by a cross-over design. Four different suppository systems containing adjuvants expected to enhance the absorption of the drug were studied. The presence of sodium salicylate and a nonionic surface-active agent, Brij 35, gave increased bioavailability as high as 20% compared with 3% for a system without adjuvants. The quantity of sodium salicylate was found to have an influence on the quantity of cefoxitin absorbed, and the salicylate was absorbed over an extended period of time from the rectum. The suppositories were well tolerated, and there were no adverse effects on bowel flora.

Full text

PDF
211

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Buhs R. P., Maxim T. E., Allen N., Jacob T. A., Wolf F. J. Analysis of cefoxitin, cephalothin and their deacylated metabolites in human urine by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr. 1974 Nov 6;99(0):609–618. doi: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)90889-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Fix J. A., Leppert P. S., Porter P. A., Caldwell L. J. Influence of ionic strength on rectal absorption of gentamicin sulfate in the presence and absence of sodium salicylate. J Pharm Sci. 1983 Oct;72(10):1134–1137. doi: 10.1002/jps.2600721006. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Nakanishi K., Masada M., Nadai T. Effect of pharmaceutical adjuvants on the rectal permeability of drugs. II. Effect of Tween-type surfactants on the permeability of drugs in the rat rectum. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 1983 Sep;31(9):3255–3263. doi: 10.1248/cpb.31.3255. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Nakanishi K., Ogata A., Masada M., Nadai T. Effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the permeability of the rectal mucosa. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 1984 May;32(5):1956–1966. doi: 10.1248/cpb.32.1956. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Nishihata T., Rytting J. H., Higuchi T., Caldwell L. Enhanced rectal absortion of insulin and heparin in rats in the presence of non-surfactant adjuvants. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1981 May;33(5):334–335. doi: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1981.tb13796.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Nishihata T., Rytting J. H., Higuchi T. Effect of salicylate on the rectal absorption of lidocaine, levodopa, and cefmetazole in rats. J Pharm Sci. 1982 Aug;71(8):869–872. doi: 10.1002/jps.2600710807. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Nishihata T., Rytting J. H., Higuchi T. Effects of salicylate on rectal absorption of theophylline. J Pharm Sci. 1981 Jan;70(1):71–75. doi: 10.1002/jps.2600700114. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Nishihata T., Rytting J. H., Higuchi T. Enhanced rectal absorption of theophylline, lidocaine, cefmetazole, and levodopa by several adjuvants. J Pharm Sci. 1982 Aug;71(8):865–868. doi: 10.1002/jps.2600710806. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Nishihata T., Takahagi H., Yamamoto M., Tomida H., Rytting J. H., Higuchi T. Enhanced rectal absorption of cefmetazole and cefoxitin in the presence of epinephrine metabolites in rats and a high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for cephamycin antibiotics. J Pharm Sci. 1984 Jan;73(1):109–112. doi: 10.1002/jps.2600730129. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Parrott E. L. Salicylate absorption from rectal suppositories. J Pharm Sci. 1971 Jun;60(6):867–872. doi: 10.1002/jps.2600600613. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Schrogie J. J., Davies R. O., Yeh K. C., Rogers D., Holmes G. I., Skeggs H., Martin C. M. Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of cefoxitin sodium. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1978 Jul;4(B):69–78. doi: 10.1093/jac/4.suppl_b.69. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Sonneville P. F., Kartodirdjo R. R., Skeggs H., Till A. E., Martin C. M. Comparative clinical pharmacology of intravenous cefoxitin and cephalothin. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1976 Mar 22;09(5-6):397–403. doi: 10.1007/BF00606555. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. TRINDER P. Rapid determination of salicylate in biological fluids. Biochem J. 1954 Jun;57(2):301–303. doi: 10.1042/bj0570301. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES