Table 1.
Immune responses to antigens following intragastric or intranasal immunization with different forms of enterotoxins and/or their subunits
| Immunogenicity to antigen following immunization? | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type of enterotoxin and/or enterotoxin subunit administered with antigen | Intragastric | Intranasal |
| Chemically coupled | No16,18 | Yes11,27,43 |
| recombinant enterotoxin B | ‘Split’ tolerance44 | |
| subunit | No17 | |
| Admixed recombinant | Yes25 | Yes26,27,52 |
| enterotoxin B subunit | No19 | |
| Enterotoxin B subunit + CT | Yes16,19–21,33,41,53 | Yes20,27 |
| Non-toxic enterotoxin | Yes6,54 | Yes6–8,26 |
| mutants | No19,42 | |
| Genetically coupled CTA2/B | Yes24,35 | Yes24 |
CT, cholera toxin; CTA2/B, non-toxic A2 and B subunits of CT.