Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Bacteriological Reviews logoLink to Bacteriological Reviews
. 1952 Jun;16(2):89–143. doi: 10.1128/br.16.2.89-143.1952

SYMPOSIUM ON THE BIOLOGY OF BACTERIAL SPORES1

O B Williams 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10, Carl Lamanna 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10, Georges Knaysi 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10, E Staten Wynne 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2, C F Schmidt 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,3, Harold R Curran 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,4, Max Levine 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10, H Sugiyama 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,3, Howard Reynolds 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10, Harold Lichtenstein 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10, Charles R Phillips 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,3
PMCID: PMC180735  PMID: 14925029

Full text

PDF
89

Images in this article

96Image
on p.96
99Image
on p.99
99Image
on p.99
99Image
on p.99
99Image
on p.99
99Image
on p.99
99Image
on p.99

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. ALLEN M. B. The dynamic nature of thermophily. J Gen Physiol. 1950 Jan 20;33(3):205–214. doi: 10.1085/jgp.33.3.205. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. ANDERSON E. E., ESSELEN W. B., Jr, FELLERS C. R. Effect of acids, salt, sugar and other food ingredients on thermal resistance of Bacillus thermoacidurans. Food Res. 1949 Nov-Dec;14(6):499–510. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1949.tb16261.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. BARRON E. S. G., FLOOD V. The oxidation of thiols by ionizing radiations. J Gen Physiol. 1950 Jan 20;33(3):229–241. doi: 10.1085/jgp.33.3.229. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. BISSET K. A. Evolution in bacteria and the significance of the bacterial spore. Nature. 1950 Sep 9;166(4219):431–432. doi: 10.1038/166431b0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. BISSET K. A. The sporulation of clostridium tetani. J Gen Microbiol. 1950 Jan;4(1):1–3. doi: 10.1099/00221287-4-1-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Bayne-Jones S., Petrilli A. Cytological Changes during the Formation of the Endospore in Bacillus megatherium. J Bacteriol. 1933 Mar;25(3):261–275. doi: 10.1128/jb.25.3.261-275.1933. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Butterfield C. T. The Selection of a Dilution Water for Bacteriological Examinations. J Bacteriol. 1932 May;23(5):355–368. doi: 10.1128/jb.23.5.355-368.1932. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Curran H. R., Brunstetter B. C., Myers A. T. Spectrochemical Analysis of Vegetative Cells and Spores of Bacteria. J Bacteriol. 1943 May;45(5):485–494. doi: 10.1128/jb.45.5.485-494.1943. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Curran H. R., Evans F. R. Heat Activation Inducing Germination in the Spores of Thermotolerant and Thermophilic Aerobic Bacteria. J Bacteriol. 1945 Apr;49(4):335–346. doi: 10.1128/jb.49.4.335-346.1945. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Curran H. R., Evans F. R. The Importance of Enrichments in the Cultivation of Bacterial Spores Previously Exposed to Lethal Agencies. J Bacteriol. 1937 Aug;34(2):179–189. doi: 10.1128/jb.34.2.179-189.1937. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. DELAPORTE B. Observations on the cytology of bacteria. Adv Genet. 1950;3:1–32. doi: 10.1016/s0065-2660(08)60081-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. DESROSIER N. W., ESSELEN W. B., Jr Attempts to increase the heat resistance of the spores of a putrefactive anaerobe by selection. J Bacteriol. 1951 May;61(5):541–547. doi: 10.1128/jb.61.5.541-547.1951. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Davis F. L., Wyss O., Williams O. B. Studies on Heat Resistance: II. Comparison of Resistance to Heat with Resistance to Disinfectants. J Bacteriol. 1948 Nov;56(5):561–567. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Doak B. W., Lamanna C. On the Antigenic Structure of the Bacterial Spore. J Bacteriol. 1948 Mar;55(3):373–380. doi: 10.1128/jb.55.3.373-380.1948. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Duggar B. M., Hollaender A. Irradiation of Plant Viruses and of Microörganisms with Monochromatic Light: II. Resistance to Ultraviolet Radiation of a Plant Virus as Contrasted with Vegetative and Spore Stages of Certain Bacteria. J Bacteriol. 1934 Mar;27(3):241–256. doi: 10.1128/jb.27.3.241-256.1934. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Evans F. R., Curran H. R. The accelerating effect of sublethal heat on spore germination in mesophilic aerobic bacteria. J Bacteriol. 1943 Dec;46(6):513–523. doi: 10.1128/jb.46.6.513-523.1943. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. FOSTER J. W., HARDWICK W. A., GUIRARD B. Antisporulation factors in complex organic media. I. Growth and sporulation studies on Bacillus larvae. J Bacteriol. 1950 Apr;59(4):463–470. doi: 10.1128/jb.59.4.463-470.1950. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Fabian F. W., Bryan C. S. The Influence of Cations on Aerobic Sporogenesis in a Liquid Medium. J Bacteriol. 1933 Dec;26(6):543–558. doi: 10.1128/jb.26.6.543-558.1933. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Foster J. W., Heiligman F. BIOCHEMICAL FACTORS INFLUENCING SPORULATION IN A STRAIN OF BACILLUS CEREUS. J Bacteriol. 1949 Jun;57(6):639–646. doi: 10.1128/jb.57.6.639-646.1949. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Foster J. W., Heiligman F. MINERAL DEFICIENCIES IN COMPLEX ORGANIC MEDIA AS LIMITING FACTORS IN THE SPORULATION OF AEROBIC BACILLI. J Bacteriol. 1949 Jun;57(6):613–615. doi: 10.1128/jb.57.6.613-615.1949. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Foster J. W., Woodruff H. B. Microbiological Aspects of Penicillin: VI. Procedure for the Cup Assay for Penicillin. J Bacteriol. 1944 Jan;47(1):43–58. doi: 10.1128/jb.47.1.43-58.1944. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Foster J. W., Wynne E. S. Physiological Studies on Spore Germination, with Special Reference to Clostridium botulinum: IV. Inhibition of Germination by Unsaturated C(18) Fatty Acids. J Bacteriol. 1948 Apr;55(4):495–501. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Friedman C. A., Henry B. S. Bound Water Content of Vegetative and Spore Forms of Bacteria. J Bacteriol. 1938 Jul;36(1):99–105. doi: 10.1128/jb.36.1.99-105.1938. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. HARDWICK W. A., GUIRARD B., FOSTER J. W. Antisporulation factors in complex organic media. II. Saturated fatty acids as antisporulation factors. J Bacteriol. 1951 Feb;61(2):145–151. doi: 10.1128/jb.61.2.145-151.1951. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. HILLS G. M. Chemical factors in the germination of spore-bearing aerobes: observations on the influence of species, strain and conditions of growth. J Gen Microbiol. 1950 Jan;4(1):38–47. doi: 10.1099/00221287-4-1-38. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. HILLS G. M. Chemical factors in the germination of spore-bearing aerobes; the effect of yeast extract on the germination of Bacillus anthracis and its replacement by adenosine. Biochem J. 1949;45(3):353–362. doi: 10.1042/bj0450353. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. HILLS G. M. Chemical factors in the germination of spore-bearing aerobes; the effects of amino acids on the germination of Bacillus anthracis, with some observations on the relation of optical form to biological activity. Biochem J. 1949;45(3):363–370. doi: 10.1042/bj0450363. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Henry B. S., Friedman C. A. The Water Content of Bacterial Spores. J Bacteriol. 1937 Mar;33(3):323–329. doi: 10.1128/jb.33.3.323-329.1937. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Hillier J., Knaysi G., Baker R. F. New Preparation Techniques for the Electron Microscopy of Bacteria. J Bacteriol. 1948 Nov;56(5):569–576. doi: 10.1128/jb.56.5.569-576.1948. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Knaysi G. A Study of Some Environmental Factors Which Control Endospore Formation by a Strain of Bacillus mycoides. J Bacteriol. 1945 May;49(5):473–493. doi: 10.1128/jb.49.5.473-493.1945. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Knaysi G., Baker R. F. Demonstration, with the Electron Microscope, of a Nucleus in Bacillus mycoides Grown in a Nitrogen-free Medium. J Bacteriol. 1947 May;53(5):539–553. doi: 10.1128/jb.53.5.539-553.1947. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Knaysi G. Investigation of the Existence and Nature of Reserve Material in the Endospore of a Strain of Bacillus mycoides by an Indirect Method. J Bacteriol. 1945 Jun;49(6):617–622. doi: 10.1128/jb.49.6.617-622.1945. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Knaysi G. Process of Sporulation in Strain of Bacillus cereus. J Bacteriol. 1946 Feb;51(2):187–197. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Knaysi G. THE ENDOSPORE OF BACTERIA. Bacteriol Rev. 1948 Mar;12(1):19–77. doi: 10.1128/br.12.1.19-77.1948. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Knight B. C., Fildes P. Oxidation-reduction studies in relation to bacterial growth: The positive limit of oxidation-reduction potential required for the germination of B. tetani spores in vitro. Biochem J. 1930;24(5):1496–1502. doi: 10.1042/bj0241496. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Lamanna C. Relation of Maximum Growth Temperature to Resistance to Heat. J Bacteriol. 1942 Jul;44(1):29–35. doi: 10.1128/jb.44.1.29-35.1942. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Lamanna C. The Status of Bacillus subtilis, Including a Note on the Separation of Precipitinogens from Bacterial Spores. J Bacteriol. 1942 Nov;44(5):611–617. doi: 10.1128/jb.44.5.611-617.1942. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Leifson E. Bacterial Spores. J Bacteriol. 1931 May;21(5):331–356. doi: 10.1128/jb.21.5.331-356.1931. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. MEFFERD R. B., WYSS O. The mutability of Bacillus anthracis spores during germination. J Bacteriol. 1951 Mar;61(3):357–364. doi: 10.1128/jb.61.3.357-364.1951. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. MEHL D. A., WYNNE E. S. A determination of the temperature characteristic of spore germination in a putrefactive anaerobe. J Bacteriol. 1951 Feb;61(2):121–126. doi: 10.1128/jb.61.2.121-126.1951. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Magoon C. A. STUDIES UPON BACTERIAL SPORES I. THERMAL RESISTANCE AS AFFECTED BY AGE AND ENVIRONMENT. J Bacteriol. 1926 Apr;11(4):253–283. doi: 10.1128/jb.11.4.253-283.1926. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Roberts J. L., Baldwin I. L. Spore Formation by Bacillus subtilis in Peptone Solutions Altered by Treatment with Activated Charcoal. J Bacteriol. 1942 Dec;44(6):653–659. doi: 10.1128/jb.44.6.653-659.1942. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. SCHMIDT C. F. Spore formation by thermophilic flat sour organisms. I. The effect of nutrient concentration and the presence of salts. J Bacteriol. 1950 Aug;60(2):205–212. doi: 10.1128/jb.60.2.205-212.1950. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Tarr H. L. Some observations on the respiratory catalysts present in the spores and vegetative cells of certain aerobic bacilli. Biochem J. 1933;27(1):136–145. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  45. WILLIAMS O. B., HARPER O. F., Jr Studies on heat resistance. IV. Sporulation of Bacillus cereus in some synthetic media and the heat resistance of the spores produced. J Bacteriol. 1951 May;61(5):551–556. doi: 10.1128/jb.61.5.551-556.1951. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  46. Weber G. R., Levine M. Factors Affecting Germicidal Efficiency of Chlorine and Chloramine. Am J Public Health Nations Health. 1944 Jul;34(7):719–728. doi: 10.2105/ajph.34.7.719. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  47. Wynne E. S., Foster J. W. Physiological Studies on Spore Germination with Special Reference to Clostridium botulinum: I. Development of a Quantitative Method. J Bacteriol. 1948 Jan;55(1):61–68. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  48. Wynne E. S., Foster J. W. Physiological Studies on Spore Germination with Special Reference to Clostridium botulinum: II. Quantitative Aspects of the Germination Process. J Bacteriol. 1948 Jan;55(1):69–73. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  49. Wynne E. S., Foster J. W. Physiological Studies on Spore Germination, with Special Reference to Clostridium botulinum: III. Carbon Dioxide and Germination, with a Note on Carbon Dioxide and Aerobic Spores. J Bacteriol. 1948 Mar;55(3):331–339. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Bacteriological Reviews are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES