Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine logoLink to Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine
. 1979 Sep;55(8):774–797.

Semistarvation: an overview of an old problem.

J L Barbosa-Saldivar, T B Van Itallie
PMCID: PMC1807701  PMID: 114261

Full text

PDF
774

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Alvarado J., Luthringer D. G. Serum immunoglobulins in edematous protein--calorie malnourished children. Studies in Guatemalan children at INCAP. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 1971 Mar;10(3):174–179. doi: 10.1177/000992287101000319. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bermudez F., Surks M. I., Oppenheimer J. H. High incidence of decreased serum triiodothyronine concentration in patients with nonthyroidal disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1975 Jul;41(1):27–40. doi: 10.1210/jcem-41-1-27. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Beumont P. J., Carr P. J., Gelder M. G. Plasma levels of luteinizing hormone and of immunoreactive oestrogens (oestradiol) in anorexia nervosa: response to clomiphene citrate. Psychol Med. 1973 Nov;3(4):495–501. doi: 10.1017/s0033291700054301. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Beumont P. J., George G. C., Pimstone B. L., Vinik A. I. Body weight and the pituitary response to hypothalamic releasing hormones in patients with anorexia nervosa. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1976 Sep;43(3):487–496. doi: 10.1210/jcem-43-3-487. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Boyar R. M., Hellman L. D., Roffwarg H., Katz J., Zumoff B., O'Connor J., Bradlow H. L., Fukushima D. K. Cortisol secretion and metabolism in anorexia nervosa. N Engl J Med. 1977 Jan 27;296(4):190–193. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197701272960403. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Boyar R. M., Katz J., Finkelstein J. W., Kapen S., Weiner H., Weitzman E. D., Hellman L. Anorexia nervosa. Immaturity of the 24-hour luteinizing hormone secretory pattern. N Engl J Med. 1974 Oct 24;291(17):861–865. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197410242911701. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Braverman L. E., Ingbar S. H., Sterling K. Conversion of thyroxine (T4) to triiodothyronine (T3) in athyreotic human subjects. J Clin Invest. 1970 May;49(5):855–864. doi: 10.1172/JCI106304. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Brown R. E., Katz M. Passive transfer of delayed hypersensitivity reaction to tuberculin in children with protein calorie malnutrition. J Pediatr. 1967 Jan;70(1):126–128. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(67)80178-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Brown R. E., Katz M. Smallpox vaccination in malnourished children. Trop Geogr Med. 1966 Jun;18(2):129–132. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. COHEN S., HANSEN J. D. Metabolism of albumin and gamma-globulin in kwashiorkor. Clin Sci. 1962 Oct;23:351–359. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Cahill G. F., Jr, Owen O. E. Starvation and survival. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc. 1968;79:13–20. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Cahill G. F., Jr Starvation in man. N Engl J Med. 1970 Mar 19;282(12):668–675. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197003192821209. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Cahill G. F., Jr Starvation in man. Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1976 Jul;5(2):397–415. doi: 10.1016/s0300-595x(76)80028-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Chandra R. K. Immunocompetence in undernutrition. J Pediatr. 1972 Dec;81(6):1194–1200. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(72)80262-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Chandra R. K. Reduced secretory antibody response to live attenuated measles and poliovirus vaccines in malnourished children. Br Med J. 1975 Jun 14;2(5971):583–585. doi: 10.1136/bmj.2.5971.583. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Chandra R. K. Serum complement and immunoconglutinin in malnutrition. Arch Dis Child. 1975 Mar;50(3):225–229. doi: 10.1136/adc.50.3.225. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Chopra I. J., Chopra U., Smith S. R., Reza M., Solomon D. H. Reciprocal changes in serum concentrations of 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3) in systemic illnesses. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1975 Dec;41(06):1043–1049. doi: 10.1210/jcem-41-6-1043. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Chopra I. J., Smith S. R. Circulating thyroid hormones and thyrotropin in adult patients with protein-calorie malnutrition. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1975 Feb;40(2):221–227. doi: 10.1210/jcem-40-2-221. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Crisp A. H. Some psychobiological aspects of adolescent growth and their relevance for the fat/thin syndrome (anorexia nervosa). Int J Obes. 1977;1(3):231–238. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Douglas S. D., Schopfer K. Phagocyte function in protein-calorie malnutrition. Clin Exp Immunol. 1974 May;17(1):121–128. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Edelman R., Suskind R., Olson R. E., Sirisinha S. Mechanisms of defective delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity in children with protein-calorie malnutrition. Lancet. 1973 Mar 10;1(7802):506–508. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(73)90326-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Ferguson A. C., Lawlor G. J., Jr, Neumann C. G., Oh W., Stiehm E. R. Decreased rosette-forming lymphocytes in malnutrition and intrauterine growth retardation. J Pediatr. 1974 Nov;85(5):717–723. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(74)80527-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Frisch R. E., McArthur J. W. Menstrual cycles: fatness as a determinant of minimum weight for height necessary for their maintenance or onset. Science. 1974 Sep 13;185(4155):949–951. doi: 10.1126/science.185.4155.949. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Frisch R. E., McArthur J. W. Menstrual cycles: fatness as a determinant of minimum weight for height necessary for their maintenance or onset. Science. 1974 Sep 13;185(4155):949–951. doi: 10.1126/science.185.4155.949. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Frisch R. E., Revelle R., Cook S. Components of weight at menarche and the initiation of the adolescent growth spurt in girls: estimated total water, llean body weight and fat. Hum Biol. 1973 Sep;45(3):469–483. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Frisch R. E., Revelle R. Height and weight at menarche and a hypothesis of critical body weights and adolescent events. Science. 1970 Jul 24;169(3943):397–399. doi: 10.1126/science.169.3943.397. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Frisch R. E., Revelle R. Height and weight at menarche and a hypothesis of menarche. Arch Dis Child. 1971 Oct;46(249):695–701. doi: 10.1136/adc.46.249.695. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Frisch R. E., Revelle R. The height and weight of adolescent boys and girls at the time of peak velocity of growth in height and weight: longitudinal data. Hum Biol. 1969 Dec;41(4):536–559. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Frisch R. E., Revelle R. The height and weight of girls and boys at the time of initiation of the adolescent growth spurt in height and weight and the relationship to menarche. Hum Biol. 1971 Feb;43(1):140–159. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Frisch R. E. Weight at menarche: similarity for well-nourished and undernourished girls at differing ages, and evidence for historical constancy. Pediatrics. 1972 Sep;50(3):445–450. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. GITLIN D., CRAVIOTO J., FRENK S., MONTANO E. L., RAMOS GALVAN R., GOMEZ F., JANEWAY C. A. Albumin metabolism in children with protein malnutrition. J Clin Invest. 1958 May;37(5):682–686. doi: 10.1172/JCI103654. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. HARLAND P. S., BROWN R. E. TUBERCULIN SENSITIVITY FOLLOWING B.C.G. VACCINATION IN UNDERNOURISHED CHILDREN. East Afr Med J. 1965 May;42:233–238. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. HELWEG-LARSEN P., HOFFMEYER H., KIELER J., HESS THAYSEN E., HESS THAYSEN J., THYGESEN P., HERTEL WULFF M. Famine disease in German concentration camps; complications and sequels, with special reference to tuberculosis, mental disorders and social consequences. Acta Psychiatr Neurol Scand Suppl. 1952;83:1–460. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Hellman L., Nakada F., Curti J., Weitzman E. D., Kream J., Roffwarg H., Ellman S., Fukushima D. K., Gallagher T. F. Cortisol is secreted episodically by normal man. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1970 Apr;30(4):411–422. doi: 10.1210/jcem-30-4-411. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. KENNEDY G. C., MITRA J. Body weight and food intake as initiating factors for puberty in the rat. J Physiol. 1963 Apr;166:408–418. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1963.sp007112. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Katz M., Stiehm E. R. Host defense in malnutrition. Pediatrics. 1977 Apr;59(4):490–495. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Kim Y., Michael A. F. Hypocomplementemia in anorexia nervosa. J Pediatr. 1975 Oct;87(4):582–585. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(75)80829-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Kjösen B., Bassöe H. H., Myking O. The glucose oxidation in isolated leukocytes from female patients suffering from overweight or anorexia nervosa. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 1975 Sep;35(5):447–454. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Kubanek B., Heimpel H., Paar G., Schoengen A. Hämatologische Veränderungen bei Anorexia nervosa. Blut. 1977 Aug 29;35(2):115–124. doi: 10.1007/BF00996291. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Lampert F., Lau B. Bone marrow hypoplasia in anorexia nervosa. Eur J Pediatr. 1976 Dec 9;124(1):65–71. doi: 10.1007/BF00452416. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Mant M. J., Faragher B. S. The haematology of anorexia nervosa. Br J Haematol. 1972 Dec;23(6):737–749. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1972.tb03488.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Marshall J. C., Fraser T. R. Amenorrhoea in anorexia nervosa: assessment and treatment with clomiphene citrate. Br Med J. 1971 Dec 4;4(5787):590–592. doi: 10.1136/bmj.4.5787.590. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Mathews J. D., Mackay I. R., Whittingham S., Malcolm L. A. Protein supplementation and enhanced antibody-producing capacity in New Guinean school-children. Lancet. 1972 Sep 30;2(7779):675–677. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(72)92086-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. McFarlane H., Reddy S., Cooke A., Longe O., Onabamiro M. O., Houba J. E. Immunoglobulins, transferrin, caeruloplasmin and heterophile antibodies in kwashiorkor. Trop Geogr Med. 1970 Mar;22(1):61–64. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  45. McFarlane H., Reddy S., Cooke A., Longe O., Onabamiro M. O., Houba J. E. Immunoglobulins, transferrin, caeruloplasmin and heterophile antibodies in kwashiorkor. Trop Geogr Med. 1970 Mar;22(1):61–64. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  46. Mugerwa J. W. The lymphoreticular system in Kwashiorkor. J Pathol. 1971 Oct;105(2):105–109. doi: 10.1002/path.1711050204. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  47. Nathanielsz P. W. The effect of diet and acute starvation on the deiodination of thyroxine and triiodothyronine in the thyroidectomized rat. J Physiol. 1970 Mar;206(3):701–710. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1970.sp009038. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  48. Neumann C. G., Lawlor G. J., Jr, Stiehm E. R., Swenseid M. E., Newton C., Herbert J., Ammann A. J., Jacob M. Immunologic responses in malnourished children. Am J Clin Nutr. 1975 Feb;28(2):89–104. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/28.2.89. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  49. Nimrod A., Ryan K. J. Aromatization of androgens by human abdominal and breast fat tissue. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1975 Mar;40(3):367–372. doi: 10.1210/jcem-40-3-367. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  50. Nomura S., Pittman C. S., Chambers J. B., Jr, Buck M. W., Shimizu T. Reduced peripheral conversion of thyroxine to triiodothyronine in patients with hepatic cirrhosis. J Clin Invest. 1975 Sep;56(3):643–652. doi: 10.1172/JCI108134. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  51. PRETORIUS P. J., DE VILLIERS L. S. Antibody response in children with protein malnutrition. Am J Clin Nutr. 1962 May;10:379–383. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/10.5.379. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  52. Palmblad J., Fohlin L., Lundström M. Anorexia nervosa and polymorphonuclear (PMN) granulocyte reactions. Scand J Haematol. 1977 Oct;19(4):334–342. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1977.tb01483.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  53. Pimstone B. L., Barbezat G., Hansen J. D., Murray P. Studies on growth hormone secretion in protein-calorie malnutrition. Am J Clin Nutr. 1968 May;21(5):482–487. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/21.5.482. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  54. Pittman C. S., Chambers J. B., Jr, Read V. H. The extrathyroidal conversion rate of thyroxine to triiodothyronine in normal man. J Clin Invest. 1971 Jun;50(6):1187–1196. doi: 10.1172/JCI106596. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  55. Portnay G. I., O'Brian J. T., Bush J., Vagenakis A. G., Azizi F., Arky R. A., Ingbar S. H., Braverman L. E. The effect of starvation on the concentration and binding of thyroxine and triiodothyronine in serum and on the response to TRH. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1974 Jul;39(1):191–194. doi: 10.1210/jcem-39-1-191. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  56. REDDY V., SRIKANTIA S. G. ANTIBODY RESPONSE IN KWASHIORKOR. Indian J Med Res. 1964 Nov;52:1154–1158. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  57. Reichlin S., Bollinger J., Nejad I., Sullivan P. Tissue thyroid hormone concentration of rat and man determined by radiommunoassay: biologic significance. Mt Sinai J Med. 1973 May-Jun;40(3):502–510. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  58. Sellmeyer E., Bhettay E., Truswell A. S., Meyers O. L., Hansen J. D. Lymphocyte transformation in malnourished children. Arch Dis Child. 1972 Jun;47(253):429–435. doi: 10.1136/adc.47.253.429. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  59. Sherman B. M., Halmi K. A., Zamudio R. LH and FSH response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone in anorexia nervosa: Effect of nutritional rehabilitation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1975 Jul;41(1):135–142. doi: 10.1210/jcem-41-1-135. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  60. Silverman J. A. Anorexia nervosa: clinical observations in a successful treatment plan. J Pediatr. 1974 Jan;84(1):68–73. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(74)80555-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  61. Sirisinha S., Edelman R., Suskind R., Charupatana C., Olson R. E. Complement and C3-proactivator levels in children with protein-calorie malnutrition and effect of dietary treatment. Lancet. 1973 May 12;1(7811):1016–1020. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(73)90663-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  62. Sirisinha S., Suskind R., Edelman R., Asvapaka C., Olson R. E. Secretory and serum IgA in children with protein-calorie malnutrition. Pediatrics. 1975 Feb;55(2):166–170. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  63. Smythe P. M., Brereton-Stiles G. G., Grace H. J., Mafoyane A., Schonland M., Coovadia H. M., Loening W. E., Parent M. A., Vos G. H. Thymolymphatic deficiency and depression of cell-mediated immunity in protein-calorie malnutrition. Lancet. 1971 Oct 30;2(7731):939–943. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(71)90267-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  64. Theander S. Anorexia nervosa. A psychiatric investigation of 94 female patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl. 1970;214:1–194. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  65. Vagenakis A. G., Burger A., Portnary G. I., Rudolph M., O'Brian J. R., Azizi F., Arky R. A., Nicod P., Ingbar S. H., Braverman L. E. Diversion of peripheral thyroxine metabolism from activating to inactivating pathways during complete fasting. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1975 Jul;41(1):191–194. doi: 10.1210/jcem-41-1-191. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  66. Van Itallie T. B., Yang M. U. Diet and weight loss. N Engl J Med. 1977 Nov 24;297(21):1158–1161. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197711242972106. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  67. Vigersky R. A., Andersen A. E., Thompson R. H., Loriaux D. L. Hypothalamic dysfunction in secondary amenorrhea associated with simple weight loss. N Engl J Med. 1977 Nov 24;297(21):1141–1145. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197711242972103. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  68. Warren M. P., Jewelewicz R., Dyrenfurth I., Ans R., Khalaf S., Vande Wiele R. L. The significance of weight loss in the evaluation of pituitary response to LH-RH in women with secondary amenorrhea. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1975 Apr;40(4):601–611. doi: 10.1210/jcem-40-4-601. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  69. Warren M. P., Vande Wiele R. L. Clinical and metabolic features of anorexia nervosa. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1973 Oct 1;117(3):435–449. doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(73)90053-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine are provided here courtesy of New York Academy of Medicine

RESOURCES