Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine logoLink to Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine
. 1989 Dec;65(10):1067–1088.

Metabolic abnormalities in lead toxic children: public health implications.

J F Rosen 1
PMCID: PMC1807907  PMID: 2698246

Full text

PDF
1067

Images in this article

1068Fig. 1
on p.1068
1069Fig. 2
on p.1069
1070Fig. 3
on p.1070
1074Fig. 5
on p.1074

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Barry P. S. Concentrations of lead in the tissues of children. Br J Ind Med. 1981 Feb;38(1):61–71. doi: 10.1136/oem.38.1.61. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Barton J. C., Conrad M. E., Nuby S., Harrison L. Effects of iron on the absorption and retention of lead. J Lab Clin Med. 1978 Oct;92(4):536–547. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Bellinger D., Leviton A., Waternaux C., Needleman H., Rabinowitz M. Longitudinal analyses of prenatal and postnatal lead exposure and early cognitive development. N Engl J Med. 1987 Apr 23;316(17):1037–1043. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198704233161701. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Edelstein S., Fullmer C. S., Wasserman R. H. Gastrointestinal absorption of lead in chicks: involvement of the cholecalciferol endocrine system. J Nutr. 1984 Apr;114(4):692–700. doi: 10.1093/jn/114.4.692. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Grandjean P., Lyngbye T., Hansen O. N. Lead concentration in deciduous teeth: variation related to tooth type and analytical technique. J Toxicol Environ Health. 1986;19(3):437–444. doi: 10.1080/15287398609530941. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Mahaffey K. R., Annest J. L. Association of erythrocyte protoporphyrin with blood lead level and iron status in the second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1976-1980. Environ Res. 1986 Oct;41(1):327–338. doi: 10.1016/s0013-9351(86)80194-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Mahaffey K. R., Annest J. L., Roberts J., Murphy R. S. National estimates of blood lead levels: United States, 1976-1980: association with selected demographic and socioeconomic factors. N Engl J Med. 1982 Sep 2;307(10):573–579. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198209023071001. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Mahaffey K. R., Gartside P. S., Glueck C. J. Blood lead levels and dietary calcium intake in 1- to 11-year-old children: the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1976 to 1980. Pediatrics. 1986 Aug;78(2):257–262. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Mahaffey K. R., Rosen J. F., Chesney R. W., Peeler J. T., Smith C. M., DeLuca H. F. Association between age, blood lead concentration, and serum 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol levels in children. Am J Clin Nutr. 1982 Jun;35(6):1327–1331. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/35.6.1327. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Marcus A. H. Multicompartment kinetic models for lead. I. Bone diffusion models for long-term retention. Environ Res. 1985 Apr;36(2):441–458. doi: 10.1016/0013-9351(85)90037-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. McMichael A. J., Baghurst P. A., Wigg N. R., Vimpani G. V., Robertson E. F., Roberts R. J. Port Pirie Cohort Study: environmental exposure to lead and children's abilities at the age of four years. N Engl J Med. 1988 Aug 25;319(8):468–475. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198808253190803. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Needleman H. L., Gunnoe C., Leviton A., Reed R., Peresie H., Maher C., Barrett P. Deficits in psychologic and classroom performance of children with elevated dentine lead levels. N Engl J Med. 1979 Mar 29;300(13):689–695. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197903293001301. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Osterloh J., Becker C. E. Pharmacokinetics of CaNa2EDTA and chelation of lead in renal failure. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1986 Dec;40(6):686–693. doi: 10.1038/clpt.1986.245. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Piomelli S., Rosen J. F., Chisolm J. J., Jr, Graef J. W. Management of childhood lead poisoning. J Pediatr. 1984 Oct;105(4):523–532. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(84)80414-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Piomelli S., Seaman C., Zullow D., Curran A., Davidow B. Threshold for lead damage to heme synthesis in urban children. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 May;79(10):3335–3339. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.10.3335. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Pirkle J. L., Schwartz J., Landis J. R., Harlan W. R. The relationship between blood lead levels and blood pressure and its cardiovascular risk implications. Am J Epidemiol. 1985 Feb;121(2):246–258. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113995. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Rabinowitz M. B., Wetherill G. W., Kopple J. D. Kinetic analysis of lead metabolism in healthy humans. J Clin Invest. 1976 Aug;58(2):260–270. doi: 10.1172/JCI108467. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Rabinowitz M. B., Wetherill G. W., Kopple J. D. Magnitude of lead intake from respiration by normal man. J Lab Clin Med. 1977 Aug;90(2):238–248. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Rosen J. F., Chesney R. W., Hamstra A., DeLuca H. F., Mahaffey K. R. Reduction in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in children with increased lead absorption. N Engl J Med. 1980 May 15;302(20):1128–1131. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198005153022006. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Rosen J. F., Markowitz M. E., Bijur P. E., Jenks S. T., Wielopolski L., Kalef-Ezra J. A., Slatkin D. N. L-line x-ray fluorescence of cortical bone lead compared with the CaNa2EDTA test in lead-toxic children: public health implications. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Jan;86(2):685–689. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.2.685. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Schwartz J., Angle C., Pitcher H. Relationship between childhood blood lead levels and stature. Pediatrics. 1986 Mar;77(3):281–288. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Schwartz J., Otto D. Blood lead, hearing thresholds, and neurobehavioral development in children and youth. Arch Environ Health. 1987 May-Jun;42(3):153–160. doi: 10.1080/00039896.1987.9935814. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Schütz A., Skerfving S., Christoffersson J. O., Ahlgren L., Mattson S. Lead in vertebral bone biopsies from active and retired lead workers. Arch Environ Health. 1987 Nov-Dec;42(6):340–346. doi: 10.1080/00039896.1987.9934356. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Silbergeld E. K., Schwartz J., Mahaffey K. Lead and osteoporosis: mobilization of lead from bone in postmenopausal women. Environ Res. 1988 Oct;47(1):79–94. doi: 10.1016/s0013-9351(88)80023-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Somervaille L. J., Chettle D. R., Scott M. C. In vivo measurement of lead in bone using x-ray fluorescence. Phys Med Biol. 1985 Sep;30(9):929–943. doi: 10.1088/0031-9155/30/9/005. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Somervaille L. J., Chettle D. R., Scott M. C., Tennant D. R., McKiernan M. J., Skilbeck A., Trethowan W. N. In vivo tibia lead measurements as an index of cumulative exposure in occupationally exposed subjects. Br J Ind Med. 1988 Mar;45(3):174–181. doi: 10.1136/oem.45.3.174. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Sorrell M., Rosen J. F. Interactions of lead, calcium, vitamin D, and nutrition in lead-burdened children. Arch Environ Health. 1977 Jul-Aug;32(4):160–164. doi: 10.1080/00039896.1977.10667274. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Van de Vyver F. L., D'Haese P. C., Visser W. J., Elseviers M. M., Knippenberg L. J., Lamberts L. V., Wedeen R. P., De Broe M. E. Bone lead in dialysis patients. Kidney Int. 1988 Feb;33(2):601–607. doi: 10.1038/ki.1988.39. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Winneke G., Hrdina K. G., Brockhaus A. Neuropsychological studies in children with elevated tooth-lead concentrations. I. Pilot study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1982;51(2):169–183. doi: 10.1007/BF00378161. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Winneke G., Krämer U., Brockhaus A., Ewers U., Kujanek G., Lechner H., Janke W. Neuropsychological studies in children with elevated tooth-lead concentrations. II. Extended study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1983;51(3):231–252. doi: 10.1007/BF00377755. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Ziegler E. E., Edwards B. B., Jensen R. L., Mahaffey K. R., Fomon S. J. Absorption and retention of lead by infants. Pediatr Res. 1978 Jan;12(1):29–34. doi: 10.1203/00006450-197801000-00008. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine are provided here courtesy of New York Academy of Medicine

RESOURCES