Skip to main content
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences logoLink to Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
. 2004 May 7;271(Suppl 4):S233–S236. doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2003.0146

The relationship between sexual dimorphism in human faces and fluctuating asymmetry.

Nicole Koehler 1, Leigh W Simmons 1, Gillian Rhodes 1, Marianne Peters 1
PMCID: PMC1810020  PMID: 15252993

Abstract

Previous studies have found both support and lack of support for a positive relationship between masculinity and symmetry, two putative signs of mate quality, in male faces. We re-examined this relationship using an explicit measure of facial fluctuating asymmetry, as well as other measures of asymmetry, and measures of facial masculinity/femininity. We also used ratings of these traits for faces. Further, we examined the relationship between facial sexual dimorphism and body asymmetry. We found no significant correlations between facial masculinity and any of our measures of asymmetry or ratings of symmetry in males. Facial femininity was not consistently associated with facial symmetry in females, but was associated with body symmetry. Therefore, for females, but not males, facial femininity and body symmetry may reflect similar aspects of mate quality. We also examined the relationships between trait ratings and measurements. Our results provide validation of our ability to measure aspects of asymmetry that are perceived to be symmetrical, and aspects of sexual dimorphism that are perceived as feminine in females and masculine in males.

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (226.6 KB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Gangestad S. W., Bennett K. L., Thornhill R. A latent variable model of developmental instability in relation to men's sexual behaviour. Proc Biol Sci. 2001 Aug 22;268(1477):1677–1684. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2001.1675. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Grammer K., Thornhill R. Human (Homo sapiens) facial attractiveness and sexual selection: the role of symmetry and averageness. J Comp Psychol. 1994 Sep;108(3):233–242. doi: 10.1037/0735-7036.108.3.233. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Penton-Voak I. S., Jones B. C., Little A. C., Baker S., Tiddeman B., Burt D. M., Perrett D. I. Symmetry, sexual dimorphism in facial proportions and male facial attractiveness. Proc Biol Sci. 2001 Aug 7;268(1476):1617–1623. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2001.1703. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Scheib J. E., Gangestad S. W., Thornhill R. Facial attractiveness, symmetry and cues of good genes. Proc Biol Sci. 1999 Sep 22;266(1431):1913–1917. doi: 10.1098/rspb.1999.0866. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Thornhill R, Gangestad SW. Facial attractiveness. Trends Cogn Sci. 1999 Dec;3(12):452–460. doi: 10.1016/s1364-6613(99)01403-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Associated Data

This section collects any data citations, data availability statements, or supplementary materials included in this article.

Supplementary Materials

Supplementary data file
15252993supp.pdf (160.4KB, pdf)

Articles from Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences are provided here courtesy of The Royal Society

RESOURCES