Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Applied and Environmental Microbiology logoLink to Applied and Environmental Microbiology
. 1991 Jan;57(1):173–179. doi: 10.1128/aem.57.1.173-179.1991

Cometabolism of 3,4-dichlorobenzoate by Acinetobacter sp. strain 4-CB1.

P Adriaens 1, D D Focht 1
PMCID: PMC182680  PMID: 2036004

Abstract

When Acinetobacter sp. strain 4-CB1 was grown on 4-chlorobenzoate (4-CB), it cometabolized 3,4-dichlorobenzoate (3,4-DCB) to 3-chloro-4-hydroxybenzoate (3-C-4-OHB), which could be used as a growth substrate. No cometabolism of 3,4-DCB was observed when Acinetobacter sp. strain 4-CB1 was grown on benzoate. 4-Carboxyl-1,2-benzoquinone was formed as an intermediate from 3,4-DCB and 3-C-4-OHB in aerobic and anaerobic resting-cell incubations and was the major transient intermediate found when cells were grown on 3-C-4-OHB. The first dechlorination step of 3,4-DCB was catalyzed by the 4-CB dehalogenase, while a soluble dehalogenase was responsible for dechlorination of 3-C-4-OHB. Both enzymes were inducible by the respective chlorinated substrates, as indicated by oxygen uptake experiments. The dehalogenase activity on 3-C-4-OHB, observed in crude cell extracts, was 109 and 44 nmol of 3-C-4-OHB min-1 mg of protein-1 under anaerobic and aerobic conditions, respectively. 3-Chloro-4-hydroxybenzoate served as a pseudosubstrate for the 4-hydroxybenzoate monooxygenase by effecting oxygen and NADH consumption without being hydroxylated. Contrary to 4-CB metabolism, the results suggest that 3-C-4-OHB was not metabolized via the protocatechuate pathway. Despite the ability of resting cells grown on 4-CB or 3-C-4-OHB to carry out all of the necessary steps for dehalogenation and catabolism of 3,4-DCB, it appeared that 3,4-DCB was unable to induce the necessary 4-CB dehalogenase for the initial p-dehalogenation step.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Full text

PDF
173

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Adriaens P., Kohler H. P., Kohler-Staub D., Focht D. D. Bacterial dehalogenation of chlorobenzoates and coculture biodegradation of 4,4'-dichlorobiphenyl. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1989 Apr;55(4):887–892. doi: 10.1128/aem.55.4.887-892.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Ahmed M., Focht D. D. Degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls by two species of Achromobacter. Can J Microbiol. 1973 Jan;19(1):47–52. doi: 10.1139/m73-007. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Benarde M. A., Koft B. W., Horvath R., Shaulis L. Microbial Degradation of the Sulfonate of Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate. Appl Microbiol. 1965 Jan;13(1):103–105. doi: 10.1128/am.13.1.103-105.1965. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Bradford M. M. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem. 1976 May 7;72:248–254. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. DAGLEY S., CHAPMAN P. J., GIBSON D. T., WOOD J. M. DEGRADATION OF THE BENZENE NUCLEUS BY BACTERIA. Nature. 1964 May 23;202:775–778. doi: 10.1038/202775a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. DAGLEY S., EVANS W. C., RIBBONS D. W. New pathways in the oxidative metabolism of aromatic compounds by microorganisms. Nature. 1960 Nov 12;188:560–566. doi: 10.1038/188560a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Dorn E., Hellwig M., Reineke W., Knackmuss H. J. Isolation and characterization of a 3-chlorobenzoate degrading pseudomonad. Arch Microbiol. 1974;99(1):61–70. doi: 10.1007/BF00696222. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Dorn E., Knackmuss H. J. Chemical structure and biodegradability of halogenated aromatic compounds. Substituent effects on 1,2-dioxygenation of catechol. Biochem J. 1978 Jul 15;174(1):85–94. doi: 10.1042/bj1740085. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Dorn E., Knackmuss H. J. Chemical structure and biodegradability of halogenated aromatic compounds. Two catechol 1,2-dioxygenases from a 3-chlorobenzoate-grown pseudomonad. Biochem J. 1978 Jul 15;174(1):73–84. doi: 10.1042/bj1740073. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Focht D. D., Shelton D. Growth kinetics of Pseudomonas alcaligenes C-0 relative to inoculation and 3-chlorobenzoate metabolism in soil. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 Aug;53(8):1846–1849. doi: 10.1128/aem.53.8.1846-1849.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Furukawa K., Tomizuka N., Kamibayashi A. Effect of chlorine substitution on the bacterial metabolism of various polychlorinated biphenyls. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1979 Aug;38(2):301–310. doi: 10.1128/aem.38.2.301-310.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Hartmann J., Reineke W., Knackmuss H. J. Metabolism of 3-chloro-, 4-chloro-, and 3,5-dichlorobenzoate by a pseudomonad. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1979 Mar;37(3):421–428. doi: 10.1128/aem.37.3.421-428.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Hickey W. J., Focht D. D. Degradation of mono-, di-, and trihalogenated benzoic acids by Pseudomonas aeruginosa JB2. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1990 Dec;56(12):3842–3850. doi: 10.1128/aem.56.12.3842-3850.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Horvath R. S., Alexander M. Cometabolism of m-chlorobenzoate by an Arthrobacter. Appl Microbiol. 1970 Aug;20(2):254–258. doi: 10.1128/am.20.2.254-258.1970. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Horvath R. S. Cometabolism of the herbicide, 2,3,6-trichlorobenzoate by natural microbial populations. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 1972 May;7(5):273–276. doi: 10.1007/BF01684523. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Horvath R. S., Koft B. W. Degradation of alkyl benzene sulfonate by Pseudomonas species. Appl Microbiol. 1972 Feb;23(2):407–414. doi: 10.1128/am.23.2.407-414.1972. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Horvath R. S. Microbial co-metabolism and the degradation of organic compounds in nature. Bacteriol Rev. 1972 Jun;36(2):146–155. doi: 10.1128/br.36.2.146-155.1972. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Janke D., Fritsche W. Nature and significance of microbial cometabolism of xenobiotics. J Basic Microbiol. 1985;25(9):603–619. doi: 10.1002/jobm.3620250910. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Kohler H. P., Kohler-Staub D., Focht D. D. Cometabolism of polychlorinated biphenyls: enhanced transformation of Aroclor 1254 by growing bacterial cells. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1988 Aug;54(8):1940–1945. doi: 10.1128/aem.54.8.1940-1945.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Kohler H. P., Kohler-Staub D., Focht D. D. Degradation of 2-hydroxybiphenyl and 2,2'-dihydroxybiphenyl by Pseudomonas sp. strain HBP1. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1988 Nov;54(11):2683–2688. doi: 10.1128/aem.54.11.2683-2688.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Kröckel L., Focht D. D. Construction of chlorobenzene-utilizing recombinants by progenitive manifestation of a rare event. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 Oct;53(10):2470–2475. doi: 10.1128/aem.53.10.2470-2475.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Marks T. S., Smith A. R., Quirk A. V. Degradation of 4-Chlorobenzoic Acid by Arthrobacter sp. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1984 Nov;48(5):1020–1025. doi: 10.1128/aem.48.5.1020-1025.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Marks T. S., Wait R., Smith A. R., Quirk A. V. The origin of the oxygen incorporated during the dehalogenation/hydroxylation of 4-chlorobenzoate by an Arthrobacter sp. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1984 Oct 30;124(2):669–674. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(84)91607-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Mires M. H., Alexander C. H. The prophylactic treatment tuberculosis. Del Med J. 1972 Jul;44(7):187–190. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Müller R., Thiele J., Klages U., Lingens F. Incorporation of [18O]water into 4-hydroxybenzoic acid in the reaction of 4-chlorobenzoate dehalogenase from pseudomonas spec. CBS 3. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1984 Oct 15;124(1):178–182. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(84)90933-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Ohta Y., Higgins I., Ribbons D. W. Metabolism of resorcinylic compounds by bacteria. Purification and properties of orcinol hydroxylase from Pseudomonas putida 01. J Biol Chem. 1975 May 25;250(10):3814–3825. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Ribbons D. W., Ohta Y. Uncoupling of electron transport from oxygenation in the mono-oxygenase, orcinol hydroxylase. FEBS Lett. 1970 Dec 28;12(2):105–108. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(70)80574-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Schreiber A., Hellwig M., Dorn E., Reineke W., Knackmuss H. J. Critical Reactions in Fluorobenzoic Acid Degradation by Pseudomonas sp. B13. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1980 Jan;39(1):58–67. doi: 10.1128/aem.39.1.58-67.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. White-Stevens R. H., Kamin H. Studies of a flavoprotein, salicylate hydroxylase. I. Preparation, properties, and the uncoupling of oxygen reduction from hydroxylation. J Biol Chem. 1972 Apr 25;247(8):2358–2370. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Zaitsev G. M., Baskunov B. P. Utilizatsiia 3-khlorbenzoinoi kisloty Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. Mikrobiologiia. 1985 Mar-Apr;54(2):203–208. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Applied and Environmental Microbiology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES