Skip to main content
Applied and Environmental Microbiology logoLink to Applied and Environmental Microbiology
. 1991 Jul;57(7):2101–2103. doi: 10.1128/aem.57.7.2101-2103.1991

Cytotoxicity of T-2 toxin and its metabolites determined with the neutral red cell viability assay.

H Babich 1, E Borenfreund 1
PMCID: PMC183530  PMID: 1892400

Abstract

The neutral red (NR) cell viability assay was used with various cell types of human origin to quantitate the potency of T-2 mycotoxin and its metabolites. The human melanoma SK-Mel/27 cell line was the most sensitive, with a midpoint cytotoxicity value of 2.8 ng of T-2 per ml. With the human hepatoma cell line, HepG2, the sequence of potency for a series of mycotoxins was T-2 greater than HT-2 greater than T-2 triol greater than T-2 tetraol.

Full text

PDF
2101

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Abbas H. K., Shier W. T., Mirocha C. J. Sensitivity of cultured human and mouse fibroblasts to trichothecenes. J Assoc Off Anal Chem. 1984 May-Jun;67(3):607–610. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Babich H., Martin-Alguacil N., Borenfreund E. Mediating role of metabolic activation in in vitro cytotoxicity assays. Mol Toxicol. 1987;1(4):363–372. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Babich H., Sardana M. K., Borenfreund E. Acute cytotoxicities of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons determined in vitro with the human liver tumor cell line, HepG2. Cell Biol Toxicol. 1988 Sep;4(3):295–309. doi: 10.1007/BF00058738. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Borenfreund E., Puerner J. A. Toxicity determined in vitro by morphological alterations and neutral red absorption. Toxicol Lett. 1985 Feb-Mar;24(2-3):119–124. doi: 10.1016/0378-4274(85)90046-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Carmichael J., DeGraff W. G., Gazdar A. F., Minna J. D., Mitchell J. B. Evaluation of a tetrazolium-based semiautomated colorimetric assay: assessment of chemosensitivity testing. Cancer Res. 1987 Feb 15;47(4):936–942. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Chung C. W., Trucksess M. W., Giles A. L., Jr, Friedman L. Rabbit skin test for estimation of T-2 toxin and other skin-irritating toxins in contaminated corn. J Assoc Off Anal Chem. 1974 Sep;57(5):1121–1127. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Denizot F., Lang R. Rapid colorimetric assay for cell growth and survival. Modifications to the tetrazolium dye procedure giving improved sensitivity and reliability. J Immunol Methods. 1986 May 22;89(2):271–277. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(86)90368-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Hoh A., Maier K., Dreher R. M. Multilayered keratinocyte culture used for in vitro toxicology. Mol Toxicol. 1987;1(4):537–546. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Holt P. S., Buckley S., Deloach J. R. Detection of the lethal effects of T-2 mycotoxin on cells using a rapid colorimetric viability assay. Toxicol Lett. 1987 Dec;39(2-3):301–312. doi: 10.1016/0378-4274(87)90246-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Holt P. S., Buckley S., Norman J. O., DeLoach J. R. Cytotoxic effect of T-2 mycotoxin on cells in culture as determined by a rapid colorimetric bioassay. Toxicon. 1988;26(6):549–558. doi: 10.1016/0041-0101(88)90235-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Hsia C. C., Gao Y., Wu J. L., Tzian B. L. Induction of chromosome aberrations by fusarium T-2 toxin in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes and Chinese hamster fibroblasts. J Cell Physiol Suppl. 1986;4:65–72. doi: 10.1002/jcp.1041290413. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Hsia C. C., Tzian B. L., Harris C. C. Proliferative and cytotoxic effects of Fusarium T2 toxin on cultured human fetal esophagus. Carcinogenesis. 1983 Sep;4(9):1101–1107. doi: 10.1093/carcin/4.9.1101. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Mosmann T. Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. J Immunol Methods. 1983 Dec 16;65(1-2):55–63. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(83)90303-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Pace J. G., Watts M. R., Burrows E. P., Dinterman R. E., Matson C., Hauer E. C., Wannemacher R. W., Jr Fate and distribution of 3H-labeled T-2 mycotoxin in guinea pigs. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1985 Sep 30;80(3):377–385. doi: 10.1016/0041-008x(85)90382-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Porcher J. M., Lafarge-Frayssinet C., Frayssinet C., Nurie A., Melcion D., Richard-Molard D. Determination of cytotoxic trichothecenes in corn by cell culture toxicity assay. J Assoc Off Anal Chem. 1987 Sep-Oct;70(5):844–849. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Robbana-Barnat S., Lafarge-Frayssinet C., Frayssinet C. Use of cell cultures for predicting the biological effects of mycotoxins. Cell Biol Toxicol. 1989 Jun;5(2):217–226. doi: 10.1007/BF00122655. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Thompson W. L., Wannemacher R. W., Jr Detection and quantitation of T-2 mycotoxin with a simplified protein synthesis inhibition assay. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1984 Dec;48(6):1176–1180. doi: 10.1128/aem.48.6.1176-1180.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Thompson W. L., Wannemacher R. W., Jr In vivo effects of T-2 mycotoxin on synthesis of proteins and DNA in rat tissues. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1990 Sep 15;105(3):483–491. doi: 10.1016/0041-008x(90)90151-j. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Thompson W. L., Wannemacher R. W., Jr Structure-function relationships of 12,13-epoxytrichothecene mycotoxins in cell culture: comparison to whole animal lethality. Toxicon. 1986;24(10):985–994. doi: 10.1016/0041-0101(86)90004-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Trusal L. R. Metabolism of T-2 mycotoxin by cultured cells. Toxicon. 1986;24(6):597–603. doi: 10.1016/0041-0101(86)90180-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Ueno Y., Ishikawa Y., Nakajima M., Sakai K., Ishii K. Toxicological approaches to the metabolites of Fusaria. I. Screening of toxic strains. Jpn J Exp Med. 1971 Aug;41(4):257–272. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Watson D. H., Lindsay D. G. A critical review of biological methods for the detection of fungal toxins in foods and foodstuffs. J Sci Food Agric. 1982 Jan;33(1):59–67. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.2740330112. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Applied and Environmental Microbiology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES