Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Applied and Environmental Microbiology logoLink to Applied and Environmental Microbiology
. 1991 Sep;57(9):2502–2506. doi: 10.1128/aem.57.9.2502-2506.1991

Use of modified diatomaceous earth for removal and recovery of viruses in water.

S R Farrah 1, D R Preston 1, G A Toranzos 1, M Girard 1, G A Erdos 1, V Vasuhdivan 1
PMCID: PMC183610  PMID: 1768124

Abstract

Diatomaceous earth was modified by in situ precipitation of metallic hydroxides. Modification decreased the negative charge on the diatomaceous earth and increased its ability to adsorb viruses in water. Electrostatic interactions were more important than hydrophobic interactions in virus adsorption to modified diatomaceous earth. Filters containing diatomaceous earth modified by in situ precipitation of a combination of ferric chloride and aluminum chloride adsorbed greater than 80% of enteroviruses (poliovirus 1, echovirus 5, and coxsackievirus B5) and coliphage MS2 present in tap water at ambient pH (7.8 to 8.3), even after filtration of 100 liters of tap water. Viruses adsorbed to the filters could be recovered by mixing the modified diatomaceous earth with 3% beef extract plus 1 M NaCl (pH 9).

Full text

PDF
2502

Images in this article

2503Image
on p.2503

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Farrah S. R. Chemical factors influencing adsorption of bacteriophage MS2 to membrane filters. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1982 Mar;43(3):659–663. doi: 10.1128/aem.43.3.659-663.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Farrah S. R., Gerba C. P., Wallis C., Melnick J. L. Concentration of viruses from large volumes of tap water using pleated membrane filters. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1976 Feb;31(2):221–226. doi: 10.1128/aem.31.2.221-226.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Farrah S. R., Girard M. A., Toranzos G. A., Preston D. R. Adsorption of viruses to diatomaceous earth modified by in situ precipitation of metallic salts. Z Gesamte Hyg. 1988 Sep;34(9):520–521. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Farrah S. R., Preston D. R. Concentration of viruses from water by using cellulose filters modified by in situ precipitation of ferric and aluminum hydroxides. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1985 Dec;50(6):1502–1504. doi: 10.1128/aem.50.6.1502-1504.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Payment P., Fortin S., Trudel M. Ferric chloride flocculation for nonflocculating beef extract preparations. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1984 Mar;47(3):591–592. doi: 10.1128/aem.47.3.591-592.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Preston D. R., Farrah S. R. Activation thermodynamics of virus adsorption to solids. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1988 Nov;54(11):2650–2654. doi: 10.1128/aem.54.11.2650-2654.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Preston D. R., Vasudevan T. V., Bitton G., Farrah S. R., Morel J. L. Novel approach for modifying microporous filters for virus concentration from water. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1988 Jun;54(6):1325–1329. doi: 10.1128/aem.54.6.1325-1329.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Seeley N. D., Primrose S. B. Concentration of bacteriophages from natural waters. J Appl Bacteriol. 1979 Feb;46(1):103–116. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1979.tb02587.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Sobsey M. D., Gerba C. P., Wallis C., Melnick J. L. Concentration of enteroviruses from large volumes of turbid estuary water. Can J Microbiol. 1977 Jun;23(6):770–778. doi: 10.1139/m77-114. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Sobsey M. D., Jones B. L. Concentration of poliovirus from tap water using positively charged microporous filters. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1979 Mar;37(3):588–595. doi: 10.1128/aem.37.3.588-595.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Stanley W. M. THE PRECIPITATION OF PURIFIED CONCENTRATED INFLUENZA VIRUS AND VACCINE ON CALCIUM PHOSPHATE. Science. 1945 Mar 30;101(2622):332–335. doi: 10.1126/science.101.2622.332. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Vilagines P., Sarrette B., Vilagines R. Preformed magnesium hydroxide precipitate for second-step concentration of enteroviruses from drinking and surface waters. Can J Microbiol. 1982 Jul;28(7):783–787. doi: 10.1139/m82-119. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Wallis C., Melnick J. L. Concentration of viruses on aluminum and calcium salts. Am J Epidemiol. 1967 May;85(3):459–468. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a120708. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Applied and Environmental Microbiology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES