Full text
PDF

Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Augustine A., Harris R. E., Wynder E. L. Compensation as a risk factor for lung cancer in smokers who switch from nonfilter to filter cigarettes. Am J Public Health. 1989 Feb;79(2):188–191. doi: 10.2105/ajph.79.2.188. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Benowitz N. L. Drug therapy. Pharmacologic aspects of cigarette smoking and nicotine addition. N Engl J Med. 1988 Nov 17;319(20):1318–1330. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198811173192005. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Benowitz N. L. Health and public policy implications of the "low yield" cigarette. N Engl J Med. 1989 Jun 15;320(24):1619–1621. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198906153202409. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Benowitz N. L., Jacob P., 3rd, Yu L., Talcott R., Hall S., Jones R. T. Reduced tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide exposure while smoking ultralow- but not low-yield cigarettes. JAMA. 1986 Jul 11;256(2):241–246. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Borland C., Chamberlain A., Higenbottam T., Shipley M., Rose G. Carbon monoxide yield of cigarettes and its relation to cardiorespiratory disease. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1983 Nov 26;287(6405):1583–1586. doi: 10.1136/bmj.287.6405.1583. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Castelli W. P., Garrison R. J., Dawber T. R., McNamara P. M., Feinleib M., Kannel W. B. The filter cigarette and coronary heart disease: the Framingham study. Lancet. 1981 Jul 18;2(8238):109–113. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(81)90297-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Doll R., Peto R. Mortality in relation to smoking: 20 years' observations on male British doctors. Br Med J. 1976 Dec 25;2(6051):1525–1536. doi: 10.1136/bmj.2.6051.1525. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gori G. B., Benowitz N. L., Lynch C. J. Mouth versus deep airways absorption of nicotine in cigarette smokers. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1986 Dec;25(6):1181–1184. doi: 10.1016/0091-3057(86)90108-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gori G. B., Lynch C. J. Analytical cigarette yields as predictors of smoke bioavailability. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 1985 Sep;5(3):314–326. doi: 10.1016/0273-2300(85)90045-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hammond E. C., Garfinkel L., Seidman H., Lew E. A. "Tar" and nicotine content of cigarette smoke in relation to death rates. Environ Res. 1976 Dec;12(3):263–274. doi: 10.1016/0013-9351(76)90036-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Higenbottam T., Shipley M. J., Rose G. Cigarettes, lung cancer, and coronary heart disease: the effects of inhalation and tar yield. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1982 Jun;36(2):113–117. doi: 10.1136/jech.36.2.113. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hughes J. R., Hatsukami D. Signs and symptoms of tobacco withdrawal. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1986 Mar;43(3):289–294. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1986.01800030107013. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kaufman D. W., Helmrich S. P., Rosenberg L., Miettinen O. S., Shapiro S. Nicotine and carbon monoxide content of cigarette smoke and the risk of myocardial infarction in young men. N Engl J Med. 1983 Feb 24;308(8):409–413. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198302243080801. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kaufman D. W., Palmer J. R., Rosenberg L., Stolley P., Warshauer E., Shapiro S. Tar content of cigarettes in relation to lung cancer. Am J Epidemiol. 1989 Apr;129(4):703–711. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115185. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lee P. N., Garfinkel L. Mortality and type of cigarette smoked. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1981 Mar;35(1):16–22. doi: 10.1136/jech.35.1.16. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lynch C. J., Benowitz N. L. Spontaneous cigarette brand switching: consequences for nicotine and carbon monoxide exposure. Am J Public Health. 1987 Sep;77(9):1191–1194. doi: 10.2105/ajph.77.9.1191. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Maron D. J., Fortmann S. P. Nicotine yield and measures of cigarette smoke exposure in a large population: are lower-yield cigarettes safer? Am J Public Health. 1987 May;77(5):546–549. doi: 10.2105/ajph.77.5.546. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Orleans C. T. Understanding and promoting smoking cessation: overview and guidelines for physician intervention. Annu Rev Med. 1985;36:51–61. doi: 10.1146/annurev.me.36.020185.000411. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Palmer J. R., Rosenberg L., Shapiro S. "Low yield" cigarettes and the risk of nonfatal myocardial infarction in women. N Engl J Med. 1989 Jun 15;320(24):1569–1573. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198906153202401. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pierce J. P. International comparisons of trends in cigarette smoking prevalence. Am J Public Health. 1989 Feb;79(2):152–157. doi: 10.2105/ajph.79.2.152. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rimington J. The effect of filters on the incidence of lung cancer in cigarette smokers. Environ Res. 1981 Feb;24(1):162–166. doi: 10.1016/0013-9351(81)90142-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rosenberg L., Kaufman D. W., Helmrich S. P., Shapiro S. The risk of myocardial infarction after quitting smoking in men under 55 years of age. N Engl J Med. 1985 Dec 12;313(24):1511–1514. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198512123132404. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sepkovic D. W., Parker K., Axelrad C. M., Haley N. J., Wynder E. L. Cigarette smoking as a risk for cardiovascular disease V: Biochemical parameters with increased and decreased nicotine content cigarettes. Addict Behav. 1984;9(3):255–263. doi: 10.1016/0306-4603(84)90017-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Young J. C., Robinson J. C., Rickert W. S. How good are the numbers for cigarette tar at predicting deliveries of carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, and acrolein? J Toxicol Environ Health. 1981 May;7(5):801–808. doi: 10.1080/15287398109530021. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
