Campuses of the LACC

Abstract

In its 94 years the Los Angeles College of Chiropractic (LACC) has occupied at least nine main campuses, exclusive of “satellite” facilities and the campuses of the dozen or more schools which have amalgamated with the LACC over the years. The longest serving of these properties have been in Glendale (1950–1981), Whittier (1981–present), and on Venice Boulevard in Los Angeles (1924–1950). This paper reviews these several locations and the efforts involved in acquiring and refurbishing them for College purposes. Additionally, we note two prospective campuses that never quite materialized: in Burbank, 1930 and in Los Gatos, 1975–76.

Introduction

The Los Angeles College of Chiropractic (LACC) was incorporated in 1911 by Charles A. Cale, D.C., N.D. in Los Angeles. The school was the first of at least a dozen institutions that offered chiropractic and naturopathic education in the southern California area and would eventually be united under the banner of the LACC during the next 52 years. Encompassing what later became the most concentrated jurisdiction of chiropractors in the world, the LACC and its sister institutions were destined to produce a majority of chiropractors in California and profoundly influenced the character of the profession. The school has changed addresses at least 8 times in the past 94 years (see Table 1); this paper focuses on the campuses of the core institution, the LACC.

Table 1.

Known and suspected locations of the campuses of the Los Angeles College of Chiropractic

Date	Location
1911	3737 Adair Street?, Los Angeles
1912	Blanchard Hall, “just off Broadway,” Los Angeles
1912–1913	331 South Hill Street, Los Angeles
1917–1924	931 South Hill Street, Los Angeles
1924	Sixth & Valencia Streets, Los Angeles
1925–1947	918–920 West Venice Boulevard, Los Angeles
1947–1950	918–920 West Venice Boulevard & 1609 West Ninth Street, Los Angeles
1950–1981	920 Broadway, Glendale
1981–present	16200 E. Amber Valley Drive, Whittier

The first LACC

Charles Cale began to organize his chiropractic school in 1910. He listed his practice in the “Directory of Chiropractors” published by the American Chiropractic Association of Oklahoma City in its journal, The American Drugless Healer. Cale gave his address as 1012 Pico Street in Los Angeles. This was probably a business address for his office; Dr. Cale was a licensed naturopath. On 13 October 1911, Cale filed papers to incorporate the LACC. The charter was issued by the state of California on 18 October 1911, and the LACC was in business. The first classes were held in the Cale’s home, believed to have been located at Adair Street in Los Angeles. In 1912, when the first eight graduates of the nine month program received their diplomas, the school was relocated to the “Old Opera House,” known as Blanchard Hall and situated “just off Broadway in the heart of Los Angeles.”^1,2 The school subsequently relocated to 331 South Hill Street. The College was temporarily closed during 1914–1916 while Charles and his wife Linnie, a graduate of LACC’s first class in 1912, attended classes at the College of Osteopathic Physicians and Surgeons.

In 1917 the LACC reopened with Charles and Linnie serving as the entire faculty. By 1919, the school had relocated to 931 South Hill Street and the faculty and administration had expanded to eight. Day and evening classes were available and students could enroll at any time.

On 5 May 1924, educator-entrepreneur Charles H. Wood purchased the LACC. Wood, who had founded the Eclectic College of Chiropractic in 1917, amalgamated the two institutions and a third newly purchased school, the Golden State College of Chiropractic, under the name LACC. After a temporary relocation of the campus to the corner of Sixth and Valencia streets,⁶ Wood moved the school to 918–920 West Venice Boulevard in Los Angeles in 1924.^6,7 This was a thoroughly new facility, a three-story wooden structure built by Dr. Wood from the ground up, and would house the College for the next 26 years.

Despite the onset of the great depression that devastated the nation following the stock market crash of 1929, LACC was apparently in relatively good economic shape, as demonstrated by graduation photos of the period. In 1933, the school was operating its own pathological laboratories at its campus at 918 West Venice Boulevard and could claim that “We own our own buildings, clear of all encumbrances, an investment of over $110,000.”⁸ In May 1928, the Journal of the American Medical Association reported a covert inspection of the LACC the previous October:

This school is located at 918 West Venice Boulevard (West Sixteenth Street). It began in December, 1924, with the amalgamation of three schools: the Golden State College of Chiropractic, the Eclectic College of Chiropractic, and a small struggling Los Angeles chiropractic college conducted for years by Charles A. Cale. The school owns a three story building, all of which it occupies. Space is ample, but the arrangement is poor. The roentgen-ray department is given the most conspicuous place, on the first floor. The chemistry laboratory was small and meagerly equipped. Dr. C.H. Wood, the president, has his private offices in the front rooms of the second floor. The assembly hall is on the third floor.⁹

Arthur V. Nilsson, D.C., N.D., who graduated from the LACC in 1929, recalled that:

In 1927, when I joined the College I found it fully serviceable in all respects. It was then privately owned and consisted of a sturdy three story frame building on Venice Blvd. A large auditorium occupied the top floor while the second floor contained a dissection laboratory and a number of smaller clinic suites. The X-ray Laboratory, Chemical Laboratory, class rooms, stock rooms and the main office were all on the ground floor. In fact it was built specifically to serve and fulfill the needs of a Chiropractic College as they then existed. Upon my graduation in 1929, I was invited to join the faculty. That was the beginning of a long and happy association with our College.¹⁰

The first campus that never was

By 1930, Charles Wood and his second wife, Wilma Churchill, D.C., had divorced, and Dr. Churchill was the new owner of the LACC. Ambitious plans for College expansion were announced in 1930; an article appeared in the Chirogram describing a new campus in Burbank that never materialized:

The Los Angeles College of Chiropractic will shortly break ground for three new buildings to be located in Burbank, California. The buildings will be Class A structures and will consist of a three story, fifty six bed hospital that will be modern, up to date in every way and will be equipped with every type of electro and physiotherapy apparatus. The chiropractic college building will be a three story structure, sixty feet by one hundred sixty feet deep and will have the most modern laboratories and biological equipment that can be secured. The entire top floor of the building will be devoted to an auditorium so that it may be used for large assembly purposes. All classrooms will be well lighted and ventilated and with tilted floors so that every student, no matter in which part of the room he may sit, may see and hear all work given by the instructor. There will be in addition to the two buildings just mentioned a two story building which will be known as a Liberal Arts College, which will be devoted to the pre-Chiropractic work that will be required of all students. The three buildings will be located on a twenty acre tract, which will give the college a large campus and make it possible for the students to take part in school athletics. The site of the college is very scenic and healthful as it will be located in the beautiful San Fernando Valley. It is also anticipated by the management of the college that radio programs will be given by remote control so that Chiropractic lectures may be given daily to the public. It is expected that ground will be broken for the buildings within the next thirty days as the plans are nearly completed at this time, and the architects have stated that the buildings may be completed in from three to five months. A notice will be given the chiropractic field of the celebration of the breaking of the ground and an invitation will be extended to all to attend the ceremonies. The present school building on Venice Boulevard will be used for post graduate work in physiotherapy, electrotherapy, X-ray and laboratory work, and also for clinics and such class work that may be given in the city.¹¹

On to Glendale

On 31 December 1946, during Dr. Arthur Nilsson’s second decade of service to the College, the LACC began a process of amalgamation and absorption with the Southern California College of Chiropractic (SCCC), to produce the new non-profit LACC. The newly amalgamated institution made use of both the LACC campus at 918 Venice Boulevard and the campus of the former SCCC at 1609 West Ninth Street, but realized that new facilities were required to accommodate the expanded student body. Nilsson described the LACC’s transition to new facilities in Glendale, California during the administration of Drs. Ralph Martin and Raymond Houser:

At that time the College was privately owned as were all Chiropractic schools in those early years, and the practitioners had too little time to spare toward professional organization. As the years passed the enrollment of new students increased, until after World War II, it was necessary to add a sprawling one story building to accommodate the heavy post-war enrollments. By then, the practitioners out in the field had organized into a growing group which became known as the California Chiropractic Association. Among the members of this organization, a smaller group was formed, which, on behalf of leading Chiropractors, purchased the College from its principal owner, the late Dr. Wilma Churchill. The period of those years between 1948 and 1952 were especially rewarding because of the physical and academic transformation the College was subjected to. Everybody was busy, schedules were reorganized, subjects were revised and improved, and a system of audio-visual methods were added to aid in the teaching procedures. How did all of us react to this change? Did it upset our former routines? No, indeed! It was exciting, interesting, gratifying! It was as if our College was undergoing growing pains. And then came Glendale! It was quite a change to leave the smaller class rooms as they were on Venice Boulevard and Ninth and Union Streets in Los Angeles to move up to the beautiful premises on Broadway in Glendale. No one complained. All of us were thrilled and happy!¹⁰

When SCCC and LACC merged, SCCC’s campus was devoted to basic science instruction, while LACC’s campus became the primary site for clinical instruction.¹³ With the three day ceremonies that marked the May 1950 move to Glendale, the last tangible vestiges of the SCCC faded away. The president of the LACC, Ralph J. Martin D.C., N.D., described the new facility and credited academic dean Raymond Houser, D.C., N.D.^14–16 with finding and negotiating for the rental of the school’s new home:

The new campus covers the block on Broadway and Belmont. The buildings have a floor space of 33,000 square feet. The Broadway building will house the general offices and class rooms. The clinic will be on the ground floor of the Belmont building, and the laboratories on the second floor of the same building. Technic rooms, dissection, bookstore and library will be nicely accommodated in the third and fourth buildings which adjoin the parking lot on the west. Surrounding an open court in the center, the buildings give a pleasant atmosphere of seclusion to students who wish to enjoy the open air and sunshine. Credit for finding and engineering this move goes to Dean Raymond H. Houser, who has worked night and day for many weeks to bring about this solution to our problem of housing the entire school in one adequate and suitable location. While a clinic will still be maintained in the Venice Boulevard neighborhood, the entire school will be moved to Glendale for the opening of the new semester on May 1st.¹⁴

The new home of the LACC was the former Harrower Laboratories, owned by movie mogul Cecil B. De Mille. In February 1950, Houser mapped out a strategy for relocating the LACC from its home on Venice Boulevard, where the school had operated since the 1920s to its new quarters in Glendale. Initially, the plan called for a five year lease that would cost the school slightly in excess of $88,000.¹⁵ Exorbitant as the figure was, the administration really had no choice as the old campus had grown dilapidated and something of a fire hazard. Construction estimates for a new building at the Venice Boulevard campus were somewhere in the neighborhood of $100,000. As well, it was expected that roadway expansion in downtown Los Angeles would lead the city to condemn at least part of the Venice Boulevard property. Finally, with the probable loss of federal tuition benefits for prospective students (i.e., veterans) the size of such an investment was deemed too risky.

Just as earlier relocations of the College had reaped unexpected benefits, this new campus allowed for the expansion of several important resources, including a new library. The library “began to take shape,” reported President George Haynes, “when we obtained the services of a full time librarian”.¹⁷ By 1954, the library claimed some 8,000 volumes and subscriptions to 35 clinical and scientific journals.¹⁷ Construing itself as a professionally owned institution, the College proudly invited the members of the profession to make use of the new facilities. “As the LACC goes” declared Dr. Haynes, “so goes chiropractic in California”.¹⁷ With the acquisition of the Glendale campus, there was considerable optimism about the College’s future:

What we hope to achieve is the development of chiropractic practitioners and leaders who will exert a beneficial influence on the society in which they live. It is our thinking that this influence can be best exercised by men and women whose chiropractic education is founded upon a scientific basis and not on fanaticism. Our immediate concern then, is to present a course on chiropractic along accepted academic procedures designed to develop thinking men and women.^18,19

There were renewed plans for the LACC to develop a hospital on its Glendale campus. Alumnus Fredrick A. Bullard, D.C., chaired the College’s Building and Hospital Committee, and the pages of the LACC’s journal, the Chirogram, filled with images of the possibilities and solicitations for donations to the building fund. Alas, this too was not to be.

In 1962 the College received a grant of $100,000 from a grateful patient, Mrs. Hazeltine Keever of Santa Monica, principal director of the Sherman Foundation. The gift offered new possibilities for the College, which had been struggling to make ends meet. Some of these funds were used to upgrade the physical facilities at the Glendale campus, including the library and classrooms.

The daily routine of LACC was severely disrupted in 1971, when California experienced a major earthquake.^20,21 Situated some 30 miles south of the quake’s epicenter,^7,22 Glendale and nearby communities received the brunt of the shock waves. The campus sustained significant damage, and some faculty members even lost their homes. Several buildings on campus were declared unsafe by the city’s structural engineers. With the clinic building out of commission, clinical improvisation became the norm for interns and their patients. Curtain partitions were set up in the relatively undamaged technique rooms and care was rendered to all who could reach the College. The quake, its destructiveness and its aftermath may have been a “Blessing in Disguise”.²³ The College’s 60th year became a time for sober reflection on the present and future needs of the institution. And perhaps from the rubble might rise a new College facility. In May 1971, Kai Drengler, D.C., president of the LACC Alumni Association, called upon field doctors from around the nation to contribute to its “earthquake fund”.²⁴

As the College continued to meet the rebuilding challenge, an older and more familiar battle loomed ahead. In June, 1971, the administration counted a total of only 180 students,²⁵ this as a result of its enforcement of the two year liberal arts college requirement for admission to chiropractic studies. Three years later the student body had doubled in size,^25,26 and as an institution accredited by the Council on Chiropractic Education, the prospects for rapid increases in enrollment leaped ahead²⁶ following the Council’s recognition by the U.S. Office of Education in August 1974. Dean Homewood repeatedly pointed the College community toward the need for a new campus, and called upon the alumni and friends of the school to contribute to the “New Campus Fund” (e.g., ^27,28). By the middle of the decade, space on the Glendale campus grew ever more scarce. While the facility had served its purpose for a quarter of a century, it was now worn out and inadequate. As well, the local fire marshal was mandating restricted use only – no more than a few hundred persons in the building at any given time. Even the silver clouds had a black lining – by August 1975, enrollment had grown to 401 students,²⁹ and was expected to double in the near future.

Another campus that didn’t happen

In the midst of this turmoil, a solution presented itself. In the summer and fall of 1975, the Chirogram published reports and photographs of a campus nestled in the mountains that lay between San Jose and Santa Cruz on the Pacific coast.^30–33 Drs. George Haynes, 1942 alumnus Norman Marback (who headed the fund drive for the new campus), and Ralph Martin (then president of the LACC Board of Regents), signed escrow papers for the former Guadalupe College, to be purchased from the Sisters of Charity of the Blessed Virgin. The 57 acre campus in the town of Los Gatos initially seemed ideal, with five nearly new buildings encompassing 180,500 square feet, including dormitories, auditorium, library and classrooms.^33,34 Lab facilities would have to be installed, but eventually the new campus was expected to accommodate 800 students.²⁹

The College’s fundraising campaign, promoted by alumnus Harvey Drahos (e.g., ³⁵) aimed to solicit support and contributions for the four million dollar campus^32,33 from the chiropractic profession throughout California. Drs. Homewood, Kirby and Olson constituted a “field team” which traveled the length and breadth of the state to stimulate interest and donations, while student Dean Cummings contributed his expertise in public relations to coordinate the doctors’ activities. Kirby also manned an “information center” phone at the Glendale campus.³⁰ Meanwhile, new fire regulations governing the operation of the Glendale campus required rental of additional space at the Pasadena Nazarene College nearby.³¹ Alumnus Paul Malapira organized a “First Ever All Chiropractic Telethon,” while newly appointed LACC regent Mrs. Wanda Lindsay arranged for tours of the Los Gatos property. Anatomy professor Arthur Nilsson wrote an “Open Letter” in the Chirogram, urging his former students to contribute to the Northern California venture.³⁶

All of this effort was in vain. On 20 November 1975, the Santa Clara Planning Commission granted only a “limited use” permit, which would have allowed only 150 students on the Los Gatos campus.³⁷ Despite growing awareness of limitations in the facilities,³⁸ the Los Gatos campus project refused to fade away.³⁹ However, it eventually became apparent that although alumni and friends had contributed nearly a quarter of a million dollars to a new campus acquisition fund, LACC was not going to be able to purchase the Los Gatos site.

The new campus idea was set aside in March 1976, when the College announced its decision to erect a new classroom building on the Glendale property.⁴⁰ Ground-breaking for the 10,800 square foot edifice was reported in the May 1976 issue of the Chirogram, and dedication of the new George H. Haynes building took place on 15 October 1976, during LACC’s 65th anniversary homecoming celebration.⁴¹ By this time, Haynes had begun to suffer the symptoms of the terminal illness that would take his life in 1979. The administrative dean, Earl Homewood, took over as acting president in May 1976,⁴² but did not survive the year; on 1 November 1976, LACC named another chief executive officer: W. Heath Quigley, D.C.⁴¹

Dr. Quigley’s greatest short term concern, like that of his predecessors, was space. The student body had grown from fewer than 200 students in 1972 to more than 640 by the time the president delivered his first “State of the College” address,⁴³ and prospects for 1,000 matriculants were on the horizon. Clearly, the current campus in Glendale, even with its new Haynes Classroom Building, was simply inadequate. Finding a new home for the institution had become critical, and the stress of the failed attempt to purchase the Guadalupe College campus in Los Gatos was still present:

When I say “A new Campus,” I become self conscious. Those words hang around our necks like an albatross. To tell you of the problems, allow me to list what we consider to be essential characteristics of a campus.

1. It should be in Los Angeles County or at least adjacent to it.

2. It should have access by freeway.

3. The socio-economic level of the neighborhood should be compatible with good student housing and a flow of clinic patients.

4. Parking for 700 cars is necessary.

5. It should have 90,000–100,00 square feet of usable space.

6. The configuration must allow for six classrooms for 150 students each, i.e., about 3,000 square feet for each classroom.

7. It must be faculty of which the Alumni will be proud.

8. An assembly hall or auditorium is very desirable.⁴³

The president went on to explain several alternatives that had been considered:

• – finding land and build new buildings

• – to remain on the present campus, expand this campus and build new buildings here

• – to find a facility and remodel it to suit our needs

The latter, finding an existing facility and remodeling, would appear to be the least expensive route. Remaining in Glendale and rebuilding is the next less expensive choice.⁴³

The Whittier breakthrough

The space problem continued into the next decade. When the board of trustees hired E. Maylon Drake, Ed.D. as the new College president in early 1980, another campus search began. Thanks to his background in education, Dr. Drake was able to quickly find several surplus public school facilities. Each location was systematically reviewed for its potential as a chiropractic college campus. A handful of locations fit the prescribed criteria, but the clear choice was a Whittier high school campus owned by the Fullerton Union High School District. The property had plenty of room for growth, with 38 acres of land and more than 175,000 square feet of floor space. The buildings were constructed in the single-story California style, and there was a large central court that could easily hold over 1,000 students. Additional student-friendly amenities included a huge athletic field, a small theater, a gymnasium complex that included showers and locker rooms, a swimming pool and an ample cafeteria area.

Thanks to the financial negotiations of Drake and Matthew Givrad, Ph.D. (LACC’s chief financial officer), along with a very timely donation by the David Seabury Foundation, the LACC finally had its new campus at a cost of $7.56 million. Closure of the Glendale campus began immediately. The move to the new campus would take about a year to complete. Tailoring the new facilities to accommodate a chiropractic school was no easy feat. Many hours of planning by the students and administration helped to ensure that the first class of 110 students would start classes on 9 September 1981.

Architects Ziegler, Kirven and Parrish were consulted to facilitate the process of remodeling. As a result of the board’s decision to limit student enrollment to 1,000 students, lecture halls were planned around a class size of 150. The only rooms on the new campus large enough to hold 150 students were the school’s former automotive and woodworking areas. These rooms became the College’s lecture halls. The former high school’s science and chemistry laboratories were upgraded for graduate level work. Following intense administrative discussion, it was decided that the outpatient clinic would be located in a single building at the front of the property. In all, the new campus provided 23 buildings; a little more than half would be initially utilized.

The campus purchase agreement required that the College’s athletic fields remain available for use by the neighboring community. As well, since the Fullerton Union School District had sold the campus during a period of low student population, the purchase agreement allowed them the prerogative to buy back the property during the first four years of LACC’s ownership. Fortunately for LACC, this option was never executed, but it would not be until 1987 that the truly LACC finalized the purchase of their new home.

In early 1983, the college refinanced the property with the sale of $12 million in tax-exempt bonds through the California Educational Funding Authority. (This bond sale is particularly significant in that it was the first state bond ever awarded to a chiropractic college in California.) Negotiations were intense and arduous. Dr. Drake’s past association with fellow University of Southern California alumnus and California state treasurer Jesse “Big Daddy” Unruh proved to be the deal maker. Unruh, who lobbied successfully on behalf of the College, convinced the Educational Funding Authority that the LACC would meet its financial obligations. Two years later, the LACC obtained approval on a second bond issue. In 1987, the College refinanced the CEFA bond; this allowed the institution to payoff the original high interest loans and replace them with bonds that had a more favorable interest rate. The new bonds provided the funds needed to pay off the Fullerton Union High School District mortgage and much more.

Two and one half million dollars were eventually spent to rehabilitate the new facility. The primary focus of the upgrading occurred at campus buildings “O” and “M,” where the majority of instruction would take place. Shortly thereafter, more architects were brought in to assist in the relocation of the College’s library. The newly remodeled library was now known as the LACC Learning Resource Center (LRC). Anticipating continued growth of the student body, the College transformed an area of poorly utilized space into the largest and most functional library and audio visual laboratory ever seen on an LACC campus. The final result was a library that surpassed any in the storied life of the school.

After careful planning and development, all 23 campus buildings were engaged in the process of training chiropractors. For the LACC campus, the 1980s were a time of tremendous growth and development. Although the decision to place a non-chiropractor at the helm was critical to the overall expansion plans of the College, it was the purchase of the Lowell High School campus that truly allowed the LACC to move from a cramped and distressed institution into the internationally recognized entity it has become. The new campus allowed the LACC to continue as an exemplary institution for the training of doctors of chiropractic.

The most recent structure to appear on the LACC Whittier campus is the campus health center, which was constructed in 1998–99. Two buildings at the northeast corner of the property (buildings F and G) had served as clinic space since LACC’s arrival on the campus nearly 20 years earlier. For a variety of reasons, ranging from privacy issues to diminished patient traffic, a new clinical facility had been on the agenda for quite some time. The 1997 refinanced CEFA bonds provided nearly $6.5 million in capital that could potentially be utilized in the construction of a new campus outpatient clinic. An initial expenditure of $2.5 million was proposed to the LACC board of regents in November 1997. The floor plan for the new facility was designed around the clinical education program. Construction costs were $2.9 million. The College broke ground for the new structure on 1 December 1998; the new Whittier Health Center at the LACC was dedicated in October 1999.

Summary

The LACC has occupied an estimated nine main campuses during its 94 years. As well, a number of satellite facilities have served the educational needs of students and faculty. These are in addition to the campuses of the many schools which have merged with the LACC over the years. The College has at times made use of existing buildings, and at others has built structures from the ground up. The LACC has been both renter and owner of its campuses; at times the College has reached beyond its means to secure appropriate places to train chiropractors. Since 1981 the main campus of the institution has appreciated considerably, and has therefore added to the net worth of the school. The Whittier facility is by far the most extensive of the LACC’s campuses.

Figure 1.

The third campus of the LACC, at 331 South Hill Street in Los Angeles (Chirogram, 1969).

Figure 2.

Campus of the Los Angeles College of Chiropractic at 931 South Hill Street, Los Angeles, 1917; motto on sign reads: “Chiropractic is the Latest Word in the Cure of Disease” (LACC, 1918–1919).

Figure 3a.

LACC’s 1922–23 Announcement (p. 20) included the above photo taken at 931 South Hill Street in Los Angeles; caption read: “THE LAND OF SUNSHINE. This picture shows the Faculty and Class of Los Angeles College of Chiropractic, as they were posing for an impromptu photograph, which was taken in front of the college, on November 21, 1921. While many cities in the East and West have been covered with snow and the thermometer was hovering around zero, in beautiful Los Angeles the balmy air was warmed by brilliant sunshine. The influence of this wonderful, health-giving climate is seen reflected in the happy smiles and contented faces. Studying is a pleasure in the ‘Land of Sunshine.’”

Figure 3b.

Los Angeles skyline, circa 1925.

Figures 4a and b.

Buildings comprising the campus of the Eclectic College of Chiropractic at 321 South Hill Street (left) and Clay Street, Los Angeles, 1922–23.

Figure 5.

“Free Clinic” at the Eclectic/Los Angeles College of Chiropractic (Eclectograph, 1924).

Figure 6.

“Front View of Main College Building,” from an advertisement for LACC, late 1920s.

Figure 7.

“Exterior View of Class Rooms, Laboratories, with Clinic Building in Rear,” 918–920 Venice Boulevard.

Figure 8.

Roof Garden at the LACC, mid-1920s.

Figure 9.

“Minor Surgery,” from advertisement for LACC.

Figure 10.

“Dissection,” from advertisement for LACC.

Figure 11.

“Pathological and Bacteriological Laboratory,” from advertisement for LACC.

Figure 12a.

Gathering of faculty and students on the rooftop garden of the LACC’s campus on Venice Boulevard, Los Angeles, 1934.

Figure 12b.

LACC campus decked out for homecoming, circa 1930.

Figure 12c.

Third floor auditorium of the LACC, circa 1925.

Figure 13.

Chemistry laboratory at the Eclectic/Los Angeles College of Chiropractic (Eclectograph, 1924, p. 71).

Figure 14a.

X-ray room at the Eclectic/Los Angeles College of Chiropractic (Eclectograph, 1924).

Figure 14b.

“X-Ray Laboratory” at LACC, circa 1930.

Figure 15.

“Blood, Urine and Sputum Laboratory” at LACC, circa 1930.

Figure 16.

Dr. Arthur V. Nilsson.

Figure 17.

Campus of the LACC at Venice Boulevard in Los Angeles, 1948.

Figure 18.

“Ralph J. Martin, D.C., N.D., President, Los Angeles College of Chiropractic” (Aesculapian, 1950, p. 18).

Figure 19.

“Raymond H. Houser, D.C., Dean” (Aesculapian, 1950, p. 20).

Figure 20.

Gathered in front of the new home of the LACC in Glendale in 1950 are (left to right): Mr. Harry Scott, Business Manager of LACC; Ralph J. Martin, D.C., N.D., president; Raymond Houser, D.C., N.D., dean; Lee Norcross, D.C., N.D., dean of the graduate school; and visiting dignitary Harry Bybee, D.C., president of the National Chiropractic Association.

Figure 21a.

Front of the Glendale campus of the LACC, 1950 (Aesculapian, 1950).

Figure 21b.

Glendale campus of the LACC, circa 1952 (LACC Registrar’s Archives).

Figure 21c.

Dr. George Haynes (center), president of the LACC, chats with interns on the College’s Glendale campus.

Figure 21d.

Dr. Haynes and interns on the Glendale campus of the LACC, 1970s.

Figure 21e.

Dr. Haynes and intern conferring in the Glendale campus, 1970s.

Figure 21f.

Glendale campus of the LACC, 1970s.

Figure 21g.

Glendale campus of the LACC, 1970s.

Figure 21h.

Glendale campus of the LACC, 1970s.

Figure 21i.

Front driveway of the LACC’s Glendale campus, 1970s.

Figure 21j.

Students at play on the Glendale campus, late 1970s.

Figure 22a.

Dr. Fred Bullard, 1956.

Figure 22b.

Artist’s vision of a proposed hospital for the LACC to be built on the Glendale campus, 1957.

Figure 22c.

Solicitation appearing in the Chirogram, 1961.

Figure 23a.

Homecoming at the LACC, 1958.

Figure 23b.

Homecoming at the LACC, 1958.

Figure 23c.

Left to right: Dr. Frank Hamilton, LACC professor of obstetrics, Mrs. Keever and Dr. George Haynes, dean of the LACC, 1963.

Figure 24a.

LACC’s library, circa 1963.

Figure 24b.

Renovations in the “technic Room” at LACC, circa 1963.

Figure 25a.

“On the quadrangle, we look up at the Clinic Building, where tall scaffolds have arisen, and the damaged wall is being torn down. In the building, huge timbers stand, shoring up the roof. Across the campus, externs treat patients in temporary booths in a converted classroom, divided by sheets hanging on wires …” (Kirby, 1971a).

Figure 25b.

Earthquake damage to a laboratory at the LACC, 1971.

Figure 25c.

Damage to exterior wall of a laboratory at LACC’s Glendale campus, 1971.

Figure 26.

Artist’s vision of a new campus for the LACC on its Glendale property, 1971.

Figure 27.

Cover of the Chirogram for August 1975 announced that the purchase of a new campus in Los Gatos, California was imminent.

Figure 28a and b.

Guadalupe College in Los Gatos, from a fund-raising postcard distrubted by the Los Angeles College of Chiropractic (courtesy of the Cleveland Chiropractic College of Kansas City).

Figure 28c.

Another view of the LACC campus that never was, in Los Gatos.

Figure 28d.

view of the Silicon Valley from the campus in Los Gatos, mid-1970s.

Figure 29a.

Drs. J.G. Anderson, George Haynes and Richard Timmins (of Western States Chiropractic College) dedicate the new classroom building on the LACC’s Glendale campus during the College’s 65th anniversary homecoming in October 1976.

Figure 29b.

View inside a classroom in the Haynes building, late 1970s.

Figure 29c.

View inside a classroom in the Haynes building, late 1970s.

Figure 29d.

Dr. Martin Jenness, research administrator at the Northwestern College of Chiropractic, confers with Dr. W. Heath Quigley, president of the LACC, 1978.

Figure 29e.

Matthew Givrad, Ph.D., vice president of the LACC, gives a tour of the Glendale campus to members of the New Zealand Commission of Inquiry into chiropractic, 1979. By this time the ivy that had once covered the exterior walls of the edifice had been removed.

Figure 30a.

Artist’s conception, circa 1981, of the LACC’s Whittier campus when completed.

Figure 30b.

David Seabury, Ph.D., psychologist and author, left an estate that helped to fund the purchase of the LACC’s Whittier campus.

Figure 31a.

“Mrs. [Barbara] Sullivan, Dr. Drake, Dr. [Walter J.] Zeigler and Dr. Givrad bask in the history of the signing of the purchase agreement for LACC’s new campus …”; from the LACC News & Alumni Report for July 1981.

Figure 31b.

LACC vice president Matthew Givrad, Ph.D. adds his signature to the purchase agreement for the Whittier campus; from the LACC News & Alumni Report for July 1981.

Figure 31c.

Local merchants welcomed the 70-year-old College to the community in 1981.

Figure 31d.

Cover of the California Chiropractic Association Journal for July 1981.

Figure 31e.

A time for celebration; the Whittier campus was dedicated on 4 April 1982.

Figure 32.

Map of the Drake campus of the LACC in Whittier, 1998; frontage along Amber Valley Drive is at top. Key: A: Administration Building; B: administration; C: Information technology and administration; D: student clinic, physiotherapy labs and Copy Center; E: classrooms and laboratories; F&G: Whittier Clinic; H: Radiology Department; I: diagnosis labs; J: technique lab; K: Division of Research; L: chemistry laboratories and faculty offices; M: anatomy lab, student lounge, classroom and faculty offices; N: storage; O: lecture halls; P: power station; Q: gymnasium; R: storage and showers; S: Facilities Department; T: cafeteria; U: Bookstore; V: Performing Arts Center and library; Z: Conference Room (Keating & Phillips, 2001, p. 262).

Figure 33.

Performing Arts Center (PAC) at the LACC’s Drake campus in Whittier California, 1997 (Keating & Phillips, 2001, p. 259); this structure is continguous with the Learning Resource Center.