Skip to main content
PMC home page
Applied and Environmental Microbiology logoLink to Applied and Environmental Microbiology
. 1989 Jan;55(1):7–10. doi: 10.1128/aem.55.1.7-10.1989

Photodynamic Production of Superoxide In Vitro by Altertoxins in the Presence of Reducing Agents †

Philip E Hartman 1,*, Carolyn K Suzuki 1, Michael E Stack 1
PMCID: PMC184045  PMID: 16347837

Abstract

Superoxide production by the three 4,9-dihydroxyperylene-3,10-quinone fungal toxins, altertoxins I, II, and III, was stimulated on illumination with broad-spectrum light. As determined previously for cercosporin, superoxide production by illuminated altertoxins was increased by the addition of the reducing substances ergothioneine or urate; ascorbate also effectively increased superoxide production. Illuminated urate alone engendered some superoxide production.

Full text

PDF
7

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Daub M. E., Hangarter R. P. Light-induced production of singlet oxygen and superoxide by the fungal toxin, cercosporin. Plant Physiol. 1983 Nov;73(3):855–857. doi: 10.1104/pp.73.3.855. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Hartman P. E., Dixon W. J., Dahl T. A., Daub M. E. Multiple modes of photodynamic action by cercosporin. Photochem Photobiol. 1988 May;47(5):699–703. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1988.tb02767.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Hartman Z., Hartman P. E. Interception of some direct-acting mutagens by ergothioneine. Environ Mol Mutagen. 1987;10(1):3–15. doi: 10.1002/em.2850100103. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Hassan H. M., Fridovich I. Intracellular production of superoxide radical and of hydrogen peroxide by redox active compounds. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1979 Sep;196(2):385–395. doi: 10.1016/0003-9861(79)90289-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Hochstein P., Hatch L., Sevanian A. Uric acid: functions and determination. Methods Enzymol. 1984;105:162–166. doi: 10.1016/s0076-6879(84)05022-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Martin J. P., Logsdon N. Oxygen radicals are generated by dye-mediated intracellular photooxidations: a role for superoxide in photodynamic effects. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1987 Jul;256(1):39–49. doi: 10.1016/0003-9861(87)90423-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Smith M. T., Evans C. G. Inhibitory effect of superoxide-generating quinones on superoxide dismutase. Biochem Pharmacol. 1984 Oct 1;33(19):3109–3110. doi: 10.1016/0006-2952(84)90619-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Stack M. E., Mazzola E. P., Page S. W., Pohland A. E., Highet R. J., Tempesta M. S., Corley D. G. Mutagenic perylenequinone metabolites of Alternaria alternata: altertoxins I, II, and III. J Nat Prod. 1986 Sep-Oct;49(5):866–871. doi: 10.1021/np50047a017. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Stack M. E., Prival M. J. Mutagenicity of the Alternaria metabolites altertoxins I, II, and III. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1986 Oct;52(4):718–722. doi: 10.1128/aem.52.4.718-722.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Applied and Environmental Microbiology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES