Skip to main content
Applied and Environmental Microbiology logoLink to Applied and Environmental Microbiology
. 1989 Apr;55(4):778–787. doi: 10.1128/aem.55.4.778-787.1989

Microcolony epifluorescence microscopy for selective enumeration of injured bacteria in frozen and heat-treated foods.

U M Rodrigues 1, R G Kroll 1
PMCID: PMC184202  PMID: 2658804

Abstract

A rapid (less than 6 h) method for selectively enumerating coliforms, pseudomonads, and staphylococci has been developed which involves counting microcolonies grown on the surface of polycarbonate membranes under selective conditions. The method was not directly applicable to foods containing injured bacteria due to the poor formation of or an inability to form microcolonies under selective conditions. However, the introduction of a 3- to 5-h resuscitation step in tryptone soya broth allowed the method to give reliable estimates of these organisms in a variety of frozen and heat-processed foods. Under nonselective conditions, i.e., for total counts, the microcolony method enabled a rapid count to be made of viable bacteria in heat-treated foods, but these results were also made more consistent by the introduction of a resuscitation step. This method makes results from these foods available far faster than conventional enumeration methods.

Full text

PDF
778

Images in this article

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Bairdparker A. C., Davenport E. The effect of recovery medium on the isolation of Staphylococcus aureus after heat treatment and after the storage of frozen or dried cells. J Appl Bacteriol. 1965 Dec;28(3):390–402. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1965.tb02169.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Collins-Thompson D. L., Hurst A., Kruse H. Synthesis of enterotoxin B by Staphylococcus aureus strain S6 after recovery from heat injury. Can J Microbiol. 1973 Dec;19(12):1463–1468. doi: 10.1139/m73-238. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Denyer S. P., Ward K. H. A rapid method for the detection of bacterial contaminants in intravenous fluids using membrane filtration and epifluorescence microscopy. J Parenter Sci Technol. 1983 Sep-Oct;37(5):156–158. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Donnelly C. W., Baigent G. J. Method for flow cytometric detection of Listeria monocytogenes in milk. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1986 Oct;52(4):689–695. doi: 10.1128/aem.52.4.689-695.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Dutton R. J., Bitton G., Koopman B. Malachite green-INT (MINT) method for determining active bacteria in sewage. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1983 Dec;46(6):1263–1267. doi: 10.1128/aem.46.6.1263-1267.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Kelly A. F., Kroll R. G. Use of the direct epifluorescent filter technique for the enumeration of bacterial spores. J Appl Bacteriol. 1987 Dec;63(6):545–550. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1987.tb02725.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Koch H. A., Bandler R., Gibson R. R. Fluorescence microscopy procedure for quantitation of yeasts in beverages. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1986 Sep;52(3):599–601. doi: 10.1128/aem.52.3.599-601.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Mackey B. M., Derrick C. M. A comparison of solid and liquid media for measuring the sensitivity of heat-injured Salmonella typhimurium to selenite and tetrathionate media, and the time needed to recover resistance. J Appl Bacteriol. 1982 Oct;53(2):233–242. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1982.tb04682.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Martin S. E., Flowers R. S., Ordal Z. J. Catalase: its effect on microbial enumeration. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1976 Nov;32(5):731–734. doi: 10.1128/aem.32.5.731-734.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Mossel D. A., Veldman A., Eelderink I. Comparison of the effects of liquid medium repair and the incorporation of catalase in MacConkey type media on the recovery of Enterobacteriaceae sublethally stressed by freezing. J Appl Bacteriol. 1980 Dec;49(3):405–419. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1980.tb04716.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Pettipher G. L., Rodrigues U. M. Rapid enumeration of microorganisms in foods by the direct epifluorescent filter technique. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1982 Oct;44(4):809–813. doi: 10.1128/aem.44.4.809-813.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Pomroy A. J. Direct counting of bacteria preserved with lugol iodine solution. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1984 May;47(5):1191–1192. doi: 10.1128/aem.47.5.1191-1192.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Rodrigues U. M., Kroll R. G. Rapid selective enumeration of bacteria in foods using a microcolony epifluorescence microscopy technique. J Appl Bacteriol. 1988 Jan;64(1):65–78. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1988.tb02430.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Rodrigues U. M., Kroll R. G. The direct epifluorescent filter technique (DEFT): increased selectivity, sensitivity and rapidity. J Appl Bacteriol. 1985 Dec;59(6):493–499. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1985.tb03351.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Rodrigues U. M., Kroll R. G. Use of the direct epifluorescent filter technique for the enumeration of yeasts. J Appl Bacteriol. 1986 Aug;61(2):139–144. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1986.tb04267.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Roszak D. B., Colwell R. R. Metabolic activity of bacterial cells enumerated by direct viable count. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 Dec;53(12):2889–2893. doi: 10.1128/aem.53.12.2889-2893.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Sharpe A. N., Jackson A. K. Stomaching: a new concept in bacteriological sample preparation. Appl Microbiol. 1972 Aug;24(2):175–178. doi: 10.1128/am.24.2.175-178.1972. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Tabor P. S., Neihof R. A. Direct determination of activities for microorganisms of chesapeake bay populations. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1984 Nov;48(5):1012–1019. doi: 10.1128/aem.48.5.1012-1019.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Wright R. C. A new selective and differential agar medium for Escherichia coli and coliform organisms. J Appl Bacteriol. 1984 Jun;56(3):381–388. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1984.tb01365.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Applied and Environmental Microbiology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES