Abstract
Penicillium camembertii was mutated and screened for cyclopiazonic acid-negative mutants. With a simple and rapid mini-extraction method for detection of cyclopiazonic acid production, we were able to isolate two strains which were affected in the production of this metabolite. One strain had completely lost the ability to synthesize detectable amounts of this secondary metabolite, whereas the other mutant produced 50 to 100 times less cyclopiazonic acid than the wild type. Also, the former strain had a changed morphology compared with the wild type. This morphological alteration appears to be coupled to the inability to produce cyclopiazonic acid because morphological revertants were able to synthesize cyclopiazonic acid to a level comparable to the wild type. The second mutant accumulated a new metabolite which was detectable by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography. This new metabolite, however, appears not to be a direct precursor of cyclopiazonic acid.
Full text
PDF
Images in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Benkhemmar O., Gaudemer F., Bouvier-Fourcade I. Heterokaryosis between Aspergillus oryzae cyclopiazonic acid-defective strains: method for estimating the risk of inducing toxin production among cyclopiazonic acid-defective industrial strains. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1985 Oct;50(4):1087–1093. doi: 10.1128/aem.50.4.1087-1093.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Beri R. K., Turner G. Transformation of Penicillium chrysogenum using the Aspergillus nidulans amdS gene as a dominant selective marker. Curr Genet. 1987;11(8):639–641. doi: 10.1007/BF00393928. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Carramolino L., Lozano M., Pérez-Aranda A., Rubio V., Sánchez F. Transformation of Penicillium chrysogenum to sulfonamide resistance. Gene. 1989 Apr 15;77(1):31–38. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(89)90356-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Filtenborg O., Frisvad J. C., Svendsen J. A. Simple screening method for molds producing intracellular mycotoxins in pure cultures. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1983 Feb;45(2):581–585. doi: 10.1128/aem.45.2.581-585.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hill J. E., Lomax L. G., Cole R. J., Dorner J. W. Toxicologic and immunologic effects of sublethal doses of cyclopiazonic acid in rats. Am J Vet Res. 1986 May;47(5):1174–1177. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Holzapfel C. W. The isolation and structure of cyclopiazonic acid, a toxic metabolite of Penicillium cyclopium Westling. Tetrahedron. 1968 Mar;24(5):2101–2119. doi: 10.1016/0040-4020(68)88113-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Le Bars J. Cyclopiazonic acid production by Penicillium camemberti Thom and natural occurrence of this mycotoxin in cheese. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1979 Dec;38(6):1052–1055. doi: 10.1128/aem.38.6.1052-1055.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- MacRae W. D., Buxton F. P., Sibley S., Garven S., Gwynne D. I., Davies R. W., Arst H. N., Jr A phosphate-repressible acid phosphatase gene from Aspergillus niger: its cloning, sequencing and transcriptional analysis. Gene. 1988 Nov 30;71(2):339–348. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(88)90051-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Nishie K., Cole R. J., Dorner J. W. Toxicity and neuropharmacology of cyclopiazonic acid. Food Chem Toxicol. 1985 Sep;23(9):831–839. doi: 10.1016/0278-6915(85)90284-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]