Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy logoLink to Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
. 1984 Mar;25(3):327–330. doi: 10.1128/aac.25.3.327

Bactericidal activities of chloramphenicol and eleven other antibiotics against Salmonella spp.

S R Preblud, C J Gill, J M Campos
PMCID: PMC185509  PMID: 6372681

Abstract

The bactericidal activity of chloramphenicol against 27 strains of Salmonella typhi and 33 strains of S. enteritidis was compared with those of 11 other antibiotics. The geometric mean bactericidal concentrations of chloramphenicol against susceptible strains (36.10 and 43.13 micrograms/ml for S. typhi and S. enteritidis, respectively) far exceeded those of the other 11 antibiotics, with cephalothin having the next highest values (2.67 and 8.66 micrograms/ml) and moxalactam (0.09 and 0.28 micrograms/ml), cefotaxime (0.08 and 0.28 micrograms/ml), ceftriaxone (0.07 and 0.16 micrograms/ml), norfloxacin (0.06 and 0.10 micrograms/ml), and aztreonam (0.05 and 0.20 micrograms/ml) having the lowest values. The results for imipenem (0.24 and 0.81 micrograms/ml) and ceftazidime (0.22 and 0.75 micrograms/ml) were lower than those noted for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (1.20 and 5.56 micrograms/ml), cefamandole (0.62 and 3.29 micrograms/ml), and ampicillin (0.55 and 2.78 micrograms/ml). The MBC of chloramphenicol for some isolates decreased with increased incubation times such that the proportion of susceptible isolates killed by chloramphenicol at concentrations within achievable levels in blood increased from 10% after 24 h to 26% after 48 h of incubation. Although the MBC of the other 11 antibiotics for some isolates were also lowered by prolonged incubation, all 24-h values were within achievable levels in blood. The data indicate that chloramphenicol is not uniformly bacteriostatic against S. typhi and S. enteritidis. The in vivo significance of demonstrating delayed killing by chloramphenicol is, however, uncertain.

Full text

PDF
327

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Adams R., Nelson J. D. Susceptibility of salmonellae to cephalosporins and to nine other antimicrobial agents. Appl Microbiol. 1968 Oct;16(10):1570–1574. doi: 10.1128/am.16.10.1570-1574.1968. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Anton P. A., Kemp J. A., Butler T., Jacobs M. R. Comparative efficacies of ceftriaxone, moxalactam, and ampicillin in experimental Salmonella typhimurium infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1982 Aug;22(2):312–315. doi: 10.1128/aac.22.2.312. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Asmar B. I., Dajani A. S. Ampicillin-chloramphenicol interaction against enteric Gram-negative organisms. Pediatr Infect Dis. 1983 Jan-Feb;2(1):39–42. doi: 10.1097/00006454-198301000-00010. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Butler T., Rumans L., Arnold K. Response of typhoid fever caused by chloramphenicol-susceptible and chloramphenicol-resistant strains of Salmonella typhi to treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Rev Infect Dis. 1982 Mar-Apr;4(2):551–561. doi: 10.1093/clinids/4.2.551. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Cherubin C. E., Corrado M. L., Nair S. R., Gombert M. E., Landesman S., Humbert G. Treatment of gram-negative bacillary meningitis: role of the new cephalosporin antibiotics. Rev Infect Dis. 1982 Sep-Oct;4 (Suppl):S453–S464. doi: 10.1093/clinids/4.supplement_2.s453. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Davis R. C. Salmonella sepsis in infancy. Am J Dis Child. 1981 Dec;135(12):1096–1099. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1981.02130360004003. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. De Carvalho E. M., Martinelli R., De Oliveira M. M., Rocha H. Cefamandole treatment of Salmonella bacteremia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1982 Feb;21(2):334–335. doi: 10.1128/aac.21.2.334. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. De Ritis F., Giammanco G., Manzillo G. Chloramphenicol combined with ampicillin in treatment of typhoid. Br Med J. 1972 Oct 7;4(5831):17–18. doi: 10.1136/bmj.4.5831.17. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. El Hagarawy N., Lenz W., Elkhouly A., El Molla A. H. The importance of incubation temperature for detecting beta-lactam-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. Infection. 1982 Nov-Dec;10(6):371–374. doi: 10.1007/BF01642301. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Levin R. M., Azimi P. H., Dunphy M. G. Susceptibility of Haemophilus influenzae type b to cefaclor and influence of inoculum size. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1982 Nov;22(5):923–925. doi: 10.1128/aac.22.5.923. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Lé C. T. Salmonella vertebral osteomyelitis: a case report with literature review. Am J Dis Child. 1982 Aug;136(8):722–724. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Maduri Traczewski M., Goldmann D. A., Murphy P. In vitro activity of rifampin in combination with oxacillin against Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1983 Apr;23(4):571–576. doi: 10.1128/aac.23.4.571. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Meissner H. C., Smith A. L. The current status of chloramphenicol. Pediatrics. 1979 Sep;64(3):348–356. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Nelson S. J., Granoff D. Salmonella gastroenteritis in the first three months of life. A review of management and complications. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 1982 Dec;21(12):709–712. doi: 10.1177/000992288202101201. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Neu H. C. Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of cefamandole and other cephalosporin compounds. J Infect Dis. 1978 May;137 (Suppl):S80–S87. doi: 10.1093/infdis/137.supplement.s80. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Patamasucon P., McCracken G. H., Jr Pharmacokinetics and bacteriological efficacy of N-formimidoyl thienamycin in experimental Escherichia coli meningitis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1982 Mar;21(3):390–392. doi: 10.1128/aac.21.3.390. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Rabinowitz S. G., MacLeod N. R. Salmonella meningitis. A report of three cases and review of the literature. Am J Dis Child. 1972 Mar;123(3):259–262. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1972.02110090129023. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Rahal J. J., Jr, Simberkoff M. S. Bactericidal and bacteriostatic action of chloramphenicol against memingeal pathogens. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1979 Jul;16(1):13–18. doi: 10.1128/aac.16.1.13. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Robins-Browne R. M., Rowe B., Ramsaroop R., Naran A. D., Threlfall E. J., Ward L. R., Lloyd D. A., Mickel R. E. A hospital outbreak of multiresistant Salmonella typhimurium belonging to phage type 193. J Infect Dis. 1983 Feb;147(2):210–216. doi: 10.1093/infdis/147.2.210. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Saad A. F., Farrar W. E., Jr Antimicrobial resistance and R factors in Salmonella isolated from humans and animals in Georgia and South Carolina. South Med J. 1977 Mar;70(3):305–308. doi: 10.1097/00007611-197703000-00013. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Smith A. L., Weber A. Pharmacology of chloramphenicol. Pediatr Clin North Am. 1983 Feb;30(1):209–236. doi: 10.1016/s0031-3955(16)34330-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Uwaydah M. Cefazolin in the treatment of acute enteric fever. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1976 Jul;10(1):52–56. doi: 10.1128/aac.10.1.52. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Venglarcik J. S., 3rd, Blair L. L., Dunkle L. M. pH-dependent oxacillin tolerance of Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1983 Feb;23(2):232–235. doi: 10.1128/aac.23.2.232. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. WOODWARD T. E., SMADEL J. E., PARKER R. T., WISSEMAN C. L., Jr Treatment of typhoid fever with antibiotics. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1952 Dec 30;55(6):1043–1055. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1952.tb22663.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Winslow D. L., Damme J., Dieckman E. Delayed bactericidal activity of beta-lactam antibiotics against Listeria monocytogenes: antagonism of chloramphenicol and rifampin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1983 Apr;23(4):555–558. doi: 10.1128/aac.23.4.555. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES