Skip to main content
PMC home page
The American Journal of Pathology logoLink to The American Journal of Pathology
. 1997 May;150(5):1511–1521.

Molecular markers for prostate cancer metastasis. Developing diagnostic methods for predicting the aggressiveness of prostate cancer.

J T Isaacs 1
PMCID: PMC1858207  PMID: 9137077

Full text

PDF
1511

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Akazaki K., Stemmerman G. N. Comparative study of latent carcinoma of the prostate among Japanese in Japan and Hawaii. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1973 May;50(5):1137–1144. doi: 10.1093/jnci/50.5.1137. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Aprikian A. G., Sarkis A. S., Fair W. R., Zhang Z. F., Fuks Z., Cordon-Cardo C. Immunohistochemical determination of p53 protein nuclear accumulation in prostatic adenocarcinoma. J Urol. 1994 May;151(5):1276–1280. doi: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)35231-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Bartek J., Iggo R., Gannon J., Lane D. P. Genetic and immunochemical analysis of mutant p53 in human breast cancer cell lines. Oncogene. 1990 Jun;5(6):893–899. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Bauer J. J., Sesterhenn I. A., Mostofi K. F., McLeod D. G., Srivastava S., Moul J. W. p53 nuclear protein expression is an independent prognostic marker in clinically localized prostate cancer patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. Clin Cancer Res. 1995 Nov;1(11):1295–1300. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Behrens J., Birchmeier W., Goodman S. L., Imhof B. A. Dissociation of Madin-Darby canine kidney epithelial cells by the monoclonal antibody anti-arc-1: mechanistic aspects and identification of the antigen as a component related to uvomorulin. J Cell Biol. 1985 Oct;101(4):1307–1315. doi: 10.1083/jcb.101.4.1307. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Bergerheim U. S., Kunimi K., Collins V. P., Ekman P. Deletion mapping of chromosomes 8, 10, and 16 in human prostatic carcinoma. Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 1991 May;3(3):215–220. doi: 10.1002/gcc.2870030308. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Bigler S. A., Deering R. E., Brawer M. K. Comparison of microscopic vascularity in benign and malignant prostate tissue. Hum Pathol. 1993 Feb;24(2):220–226. doi: 10.1016/0046-8177(93)90304-y. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Bookstein R., MacGrogan D., Hilsenbeck S. G., Sharkey F., Allred D. C. p53 is mutated in a subset of advanced-stage prostate cancers. Cancer Res. 1993 Jul 15;53(14):3369–3373. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Bostwick D. G. Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN): current concepts. J Cell Biochem Suppl. 1992;16H:10–19. doi: 10.1002/jcb.240501205. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Bova G. S., Carter B. S., Bussemakers M. J., Emi M., Fujiwara Y., Kyprianou N., Jacobs S. C., Robinson J. C., Epstein J. I., Walsh P. C. Homozygous deletion and frequent allelic loss of chromosome 8p22 loci in human prostate cancer. Cancer Res. 1993 Sep 1;53(17):3869–3873. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Brooks J. D., Bova G. S., Ewing C. M., Piantadosi S., Carter B. S., Robinson J. C., Epstein J. I., Isaacs W. B. An uncertain role for p53 gene alterations in human prostate cancers. Cancer Res. 1996 Aug 15;56(16):3814–3822. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Bussemakers M. J., van Moorselaar R. J., Giroldi L. A., Ichikawa T., Isaacs J. T., Takeichi M., Debruyne F. M., Schalken J. A. Decreased expression of E-cadherin in the progression of rat prostatic cancer. Cancer Res. 1992 May 15;52(10):2916–2922. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Carter B. S., Beaty T. H., Steinberg G. D., Childs B., Walsh P. C. Mendelian inheritance of familial prostate cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Apr 15;89(8):3367–3371. doi: 10.1073/pnas.89.8.3367. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Carter B. S., Ewing C. M., Ward W. S., Treiger B. F., Aalders T. W., Schalken J. A., Epstein J. I., Isaacs W. B. Allelic loss of chromosomes 16q and 10q in human prostate cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Nov;87(22):8751–8755. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.22.8751. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Carter H. B., Piantadosi S., Isaacs J. T. Clinical evidence for and implications of the multistep development of prostate cancer. J Urol. 1990 Apr;143(4):742–746. doi: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)40078-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Cher M. L., Bova G. S., Moore D. H., Small E. J., Carroll P. R., Pin S. S., Epstein J. I., Isaacs W. B., Jensen R. H. Genetic alterations in untreated metastases and androgen-independent prostate cancer detected by comparative genomic hybridization and allelotyping. Cancer Res. 1996 Jul 1;56(13):3091–3102. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Chi S. G., deVere White R. W., Meyers F. J., Siders D. B., Lee F., Gumerlock P. H. p53 in prostate cancer: frequent expressed transition mutations. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1994 Jun 15;86(12):926–933. doi: 10.1093/jnci/86.12.926. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Cunningham J. M., Shan A., Wick M. J., McDonnell S. K., Schaid D. J., Tester D. J., Qian J., Takahashi S., Jenkins R. B., Bostwick D. G. Allelic imbalance and microsatellite instability in prostatic adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res. 1996 Oct 1;56(19):4475–4482. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Devesa S. S., Silverman D. T. Cancer incidence and mortality trends in the United States: 1935-74. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1978 Mar;60(3):545–571. doi: 10.1093/jnci/60.3.545. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Dinjens W. N., van der Weiden M. M., Schroeder F. H., Bosman F. T., Trapman J. Frequency and characterization of p53 mutations in primary and metastatic human prostate cancer. Int J Cancer. 1994 Mar 1;56(5):630–633. doi: 10.1002/ijc.2910560504. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Dong J. T., Lamb P. W., Rinker-Schaeffer C. W., Vukanovic J., Ichikawa T., Isaacs J. T., Barrett J. C. KAI1, a metastasis suppressor gene for prostate cancer on human chromosome 11p11.2. Science. 1995 May 12;268(5212):884–886. doi: 10.1126/science.7754374. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Dong J. T., Suzuki H., Pin S. S., Bova G. S., Schalken J. A., Isaacs W. B., Barrett J. C., Isaacs J. T. Down-regulation of the KAI1 metastasis suppressor gene during the progression of human prostatic cancer infrequently involves gene mutation or allelic loss. Cancer Res. 1996 Oct 1;56(19):4387–4390. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Eastham J. A., Stapleton A. M., Gousse A. E., Timme T. L., Yang G., Slawin K. M., Wheeler T. M., Scardino P. T., Thompson T. C. Association of p53 mutations with metastatic prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 1995 Oct;1(10):1111–1118. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Effert P. J., McCoy R. H., Walther P. J., Liu E. T. p53 gene alterations in human prostate carcinoma. J Urol. 1993 Jul;150(1):257–261. doi: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)35458-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Emmert-Buck M. R., Vocke C. D., Pozzatti R. O., Duray P. H., Jennings S. B., Florence C. D., Zhuang Z., Bostwick D. G., Liotta L. A., Linehan W. M. Allelic loss on chromosome 8p12-21 in microdissected prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Cancer Res. 1995 Jul 15;55(14):2959–2962. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Fidler I. J. Critical factors in the biology of human cancer metastasis: twenty-eighth G.H.A. Clowes memorial award lecture. Cancer Res. 1990 Oct 1;50(19):6130–6138. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Folkman J. Angiogenesis in cancer, vascular, rheumatoid and other disease. Nat Med. 1995 Jan;1(1):27–31. doi: 10.1038/nm0195-27. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Folkman J., Watson K., Ingber D., Hanahan D. Induction of angiogenesis during the transition from hyperplasia to neoplasia. Nature. 1989 May 4;339(6219):58–61. doi: 10.1038/339058a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Frixen U. H., Behrens J., Sachs M., Eberle G., Voss B., Warda A., Löchner D., Birchmeier W. E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion prevents invasiveness of human carcinoma cells. J Cell Biol. 1991 Apr;113(1):173–185. doi: 10.1083/jcb.113.1.173. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Furusato M., Wakui S., Sasaki H., Ito K., Ushigome S. Tumour angiogenesis in latent prostatic carcinoma. Br J Cancer. 1994 Dec;70(6):1244–1246. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1994.480. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Gao A. C., Lou W., Dong J. T., Isaacs J. T. CD44 is a metastasis suppressor gene for prostatic cancer located on human chromosome 11p13. Cancer Res. 1997 Mar 1;57(5):846–849. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Gately S., Twardowski P., Stack M. S., Patrick M., Boggio L., Cundiff D. L., Schnaper H. W., Madison L., Volpert O., Bouck N. Human prostate carcinoma cells express enzymatic activity that converts human plasminogen to the angiogenesis inhibitor, angiostatin. Cancer Res. 1996 Nov 1;56(21):4887–4890. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Gleason D. F. Classification of prostatic carcinomas. Cancer Chemother Rep. 1966 Mar;50(3):125–128. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Goldstein L. A., Zhou D. F., Picker L. J., Minty C. N., Bargatze R. F., Ding J. F., Butcher E. C. A human lymphocyte homing receptor, the hermes antigen, is related to cartilage proteoglycan core and link proteins. Cell. 1989 Mar 24;56(6):1063–1072. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90639-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Greenberg N. M., DeMayo F., Finegold M. J., Medina D., Tilley W. D., Aspinall J. O., Cunha G. R., Donjacour A. A., Matusik R. J., Rosen J. M. Prostate cancer in a transgenic mouse. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Apr 11;92(8):3439–3443. doi: 10.1073/pnas.92.8.3439. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Greene G. F., Kitadai Y., Pettaway C. A., von Eschenbach A. C., Bucana C. D., Fidler I. J. Correlation of metastasis-related gene expression with metastatic potential in human prostate carcinoma cells implanted in nude mice using an in situ messenger RNA hybridization technique. Am J Pathol. 1997 May;150(5):1571–1582. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Günthert U., Stauder R., Mayer B., Terpe H. J., Finke L., Friedrichs K. Are CD44 variant isoforms involved in human tumour progression? Cancer Surv. 1995;24:19–42. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Haenszel W., Kurihara M. Studies of Japanese migrants. I. Mortality from cancer and other diseases among Japanese in the United States. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1968 Jan;40(1):43–68. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Hao J., Yang Y., McDaniel K. M., Dalkin B. L., Cress A. E., Nagle R. B. Differential expression of laminin 5 (alpha 3 beta 3 gamma 2) by human malignant and normal prostate. Am J Pathol. 1996 Oct;149(4):1341–1349. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Heidenberg H. B., Sesterhenn I. A., Gaddipati J. P., Weghorst C. M., Buzard G. S., Moul J. W., Srivastava S. Alteration of the tumor suppressor gene p53 in a high fraction of hormone refractory prostate cancer. J Urol. 1995 Aug;154(2 Pt 1):414–421. doi: 10.1097/00005392-199508000-00024. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Hohbach C., Dhom G. Pathology of prostatic cancer. Scand J Urol Nephrol Suppl. 1980;55:37–47. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Horm J. W., Sondik E. J. Person-years of life lost due to cancer in the United States, 1970 and 1984. Am J Public Health. 1989 Nov;79(11):1490–1493. doi: 10.2105/ajph.79.11.1490. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Ichikawa T., Ichikawa Y., Dong J., Hawkins A. L., Griffin C. A., Isaacs W. B., Oshimura M., Barrett J. C., Isaacs J. T. Localization of metastasis suppressor gene(s) for prostatic cancer to the short arm of human chromosome 11. Cancer Res. 1992 Jun 15;52(12):3486–3490. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Ichikawa T., Ichikawa Y., Isaacs J. T. Genetic factors and suppression of metastatic ability of prostatic cancer. Cancer Res. 1991 Jul 15;51(14):3788–3792. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  45. Ichikawa T., Nihei N., Suzuki H., Oshimura M., Emi M., Nakamura Y., Hayata I., Isaacs J. T., Shimazaki J. Suppression of metastasis of rat prostatic cancer by introducing human chromosome 8. Cancer Res. 1994 May 1;54(9):2299–2302. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  46. Isaacs J. T. The aging ACI/Seg versus Copenhagen male rat as a model system for the study of prostatic carcinogenesis. Cancer Res. 1984 Dec;44(12 Pt 1):5785–5796. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  47. Isaacs W. B., Carter B. S., Ewing C. M. Wild-type p53 suppresses growth of human prostate cancer cells containing mutant p53 alleles. Cancer Res. 1991 Sep 1;51(17):4716–4720. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  48. Johansson J. E., Adami H. O., Andersson S. O., Bergström R., Krusemo U. B., Kraaz W. Natural history of localised prostatic cancer. A population-based study in 223 untreated patients. Lancet. 1989 Apr 15;1(8642):799–803. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(89)92269-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  49. Kallakury B. V., Yang F., Figge J., Smith K. E., Kausik S. J., Tacy N. J., Fisher H. A., Kaufman R., Figge H., Ross J. S. Decreased levels of CD44 protein and mRNA in prostate carcinoma. Correlation with tumor grade and ploidy. Cancer. 1996 Oct 1;78(7):1461–1469. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19961001)78:7<1461::aid-cncr13>3.0.co;2-y. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  50. Kubota Y., Shuin T., Uemura H., Fujinami K., Miyamoto H., Torigoe S., Dobashi Y., Kitamura H., Iwasaki Y., Danenberg K. Tumor suppressor gene p53 mutations in human prostate cancer. Prostate. 1995 Jul;27(1):18–24. doi: 10.1002/pros.2990270105. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  51. Levine A. J., Momand J., Finlay C. A. The p53 tumour suppressor gene. Nature. 1991 Jun 6;351(6326):453–456. doi: 10.1038/351453a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  52. Nagle R. B., Hao J., Knox J. D., Dalkin B. L., Clark V., Cress A. E. Expression of hemidesmosomal and extracellular matrix proteins by normal and malignant human prostate tissue. Am J Pathol. 1995 Jun;146(6):1498–1507. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  53. Natt E., Magenis R. E., Zimmer J., Mansouri A., Scherer G. Regional assignment of the human loci for uvomorulin (UVO) and chymotrypsinogen B (CTRB) with the help of two overlapping deletions on the long arm of chromosome 16. Cytogenet Cell Genet. 1989;50(2-3):145–148. doi: 10.1159/000132745. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  54. Navone N. M., Troncoso P., Pisters L. L., Goodrow T. L., Palmer J. L., Nichols W. W., von Eschenbach A. C., Conti C. J. p53 protein accumulation and gene mutation in the progression of human prostate carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1993 Oct 20;85(20):1657–1669. doi: 10.1093/jnci/85.20.1657. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  55. Nihei N., Ichikawa T., Kawana Y., Kuramochi H., Kugo H., Oshimura M., Killary A. M., Rinker-Schaeffer C. W., Barrett J. C., Isaacs J. T. Localization of metastasis suppressor gene(s) for rat prostatic cancer to the long arm of human chromosome 10. Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 1995 Oct;14(2):112–119. doi: 10.1002/gcc.2870140205. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  56. O'Reilly M. S., Holmgren L., Chen C., Folkman J. Angiostatin induces and sustains dormancy of human primary tumors in mice. Nat Med. 1996 Jun;2(6):689–692. doi: 10.1038/nm0696-689. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  57. O'Reilly M. S., Holmgren L., Shing Y., Chen C., Rosenthal R. A., Moses M., Lane W. S., Cao Y., Sage E. H., Folkman J. Angiostatin: a novel angiogenesis inhibitor that mediates the suppression of metastases by a Lewis lung carcinoma. Cell. 1994 Oct 21;79(2):315–328. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(94)90200-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  58. Parker S. L., Tong T., Bolden S., Wingo P. A. Cancer statistics, 1996. CA Cancer J Clin. 1996 Jan-Feb;46(1):5–27. doi: 10.3322/canjclin.46.1.5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  59. Partin A. W., Pound C. R., Clemens J. Q., Epstein J. I., Walsh P. C. Serum PSA after anatomic radical prostatectomy. The Johns Hopkins experience after 10 years. Urol Clin North Am. 1993 Nov;20(4):713–725. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  60. Partin A. W., Yoo J., Carter H. B., Pearson J. D., Chan D. W., Epstein J. I., Walsh P. C. The use of prostate specific antigen, clinical stage and Gleason score to predict pathological stage in men with localized prostate cancer. J Urol. 1993 Jul;150(1):110–114. doi: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)35410-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  61. Peyriéras N., Hyafil F., Louvard D., Ploegh H. L., Jacob F. Uvomorulin: a nonintegral membrane protein of early mouse embryo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Oct;80(20):6274–6277. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.20.6274. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  62. Rinker-Schaeffer C. W., Hawkins A. L., Ru N., Dong J., Stoica G., Griffin C. A., Ichikawa T., Barrett J. C., Isaacs J. T. Differential suppression of mammary and prostate cancer metastasis by human chromosomes 17 and 11. Cancer Res. 1994 Dec 1;54(23):6249–6256. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  63. Rudy W., Hofmann M., Schwartz-Albiez R., Zöller M., Heider K. H., Ponta H., Herrlich P. The two major CD44 proteins expressed on a metastatic rat tumor cell line are derived from different splice variants: each one individually suffices to confer metastatic behavior. Cancer Res. 1993 Mar 15;53(6):1262–1268. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  64. Sakr W. A., Haas G. P., Cassin B. F., Pontes J. E., Crissman J. D. The frequency of carcinoma and intraepithelial neoplasia of the prostate in young male patients. J Urol. 1993 Aug;150(2 Pt 1):379–385. doi: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)35487-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  65. Salmi M., Grön-Virta K., Sointu P., Grenman R., Kalimo H., Jalkanen S. Regulated expression of exon v6 containing isoforms of CD44 in man: downregulation during malignant transformation of tumors of squamocellular origin. J Cell Biol. 1993 Jul;122(2):431–442. doi: 10.1083/jcb.122.2.431. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  66. Scardino P. T., Weaver R., Hudson M. A. Early detection of prostate cancer. Hum Pathol. 1992 Mar;23(3):211–222. doi: 10.1016/0046-8177(92)90102-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  67. Screaton G. R., Bell M. V., Bell J. I., Jackson D. G. The identification of a new alternative exon with highly restricted tissue expression in transcripts encoding the mouse Pgp-1 (CD44) homing receptor. Comparison of all 10 variable exons between mouse, human, and rat. J Biol Chem. 1993 Jun 15;268(17):12235–12238. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  68. Screaton G. R., Bell M. V., Jackson D. G., Cornelis F. B., Gerth U., Bell J. I. Genomic structure of DNA encoding the lymphocyte homing receptor CD44 reveals at least 12 alternatively spliced exons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Dec 15;89(24):12160–12164. doi: 10.1073/pnas.89.24.12160. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  69. Sgrignoli A. R., Walsh P. C., Steinberg G. D., Steiner M. S., Epstein J. I. Prognostic factors in men with stage D1 prostate cancer: identification of patients less likely to have prolonged survival after radical prostatectomy. J Urol. 1994 Oct;152(4):1077–1081. doi: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)32507-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  70. Smith J. R., Freije D., Carpten J. D., Grönberg H., Xu J., Isaacs S. D., Brownstein M. J., Bova G. S., Guo H., Bujnovszky P. Major susceptibility locus for prostate cancer on chromosome 1 suggested by a genome-wide search. Science. 1996 Nov 22;274(5291):1371–1374. doi: 10.1126/science.274.5291.1371. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  71. Sommers C. L., Thompson E. W., Torri J. A., Kemler R., Gelmann E. P., Byers S. W. Cell adhesion molecule uvomorulin expression in human breast cancer cell lines: relationship to morphology and invasive capacities. Cell Growth Differ. 1991 Aug;2(8):365–372. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  72. Takeichi M. Cadherin cell adhesion receptors as a morphogenetic regulator. Science. 1991 Mar 22;251(5000):1451–1455. doi: 10.1126/science.2006419. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  73. Thompson S. J., Mellon K., Charlton R. G., Marsh C., Robinson M., Neal D. E. P53 and Ki-67 immunoreactivity in human prostate cancer and benign hyperplasia. Br J Urol. 1992 Jun;69(6):609–613. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.1992.tb15632.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  74. Uchida T., Wada C., Shitara T., Egawa S., Koshiba K. Infrequent involvement of p53 gene mutations in the tumourigenesis of Japanese prostate cancer. Br J Cancer. 1993 Oct;68(4):751–755. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1993.423. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  75. Umbas R., Isaacs W. B., Bringuier P. P., Schaafsma H. E., Karthaus H. F., Oosterhof G. O., Debruyne F. M., Schalken J. A. Decreased E-cadherin expression is associated with poor prognosis in patients with prostate cancer. Cancer Res. 1994 Jul 15;54(14):3929–3933. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  76. Umbas R., Schalken J. A., Aalders T. W., Carter B. S., Karthaus H. F., Schaafsma H. E., Debruyne F. M., Isaacs W. B. Expression of the cellular adhesion molecule E-cadherin is reduced or absent in high-grade prostate cancer. Cancer Res. 1992 Sep 15;52(18):5104–5109. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  77. Underhill C. CD44: the hyaluronan receptor. J Cell Sci. 1992 Oct;103(Pt 2):293–298. doi: 10.1242/jcs.103.2.293. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  78. Van Veldhuizen P. J., Sadasivan R., Garcia F., Austenfeld M. S., Stephens R. L. Mutant p53 expression in prostate carcinoma. Prostate. 1993;22(1):23–30. doi: 10.1002/pros.2990220104. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  79. Vesalainen S. L., Lipponen P. K., Talja M. T., Alhava E. M., Syrjänen K. J. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen and p53 expression as prognostic factors in T1-2M0 prostatic adenocarcinoma. Int J Cancer. 1994 Jul 15;58(2):303–308. doi: 10.1002/ijc.2910580226. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  80. Vleminckx K., Vakaet L., Jr, Mareel M., Fiers W., van Roy F. Genetic manipulation of E-cadherin expression by epithelial tumor cells reveals an invasion suppressor role. Cell. 1991 Jul 12;66(1):107–119. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90143-m. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  81. Voeller H. J., Sugars L. Y., Pretlow T., Gelmann E. P. p53 oncogene mutations in human prostate cancer specimens. J Urol. 1994 Feb;151(2):492–495. doi: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)35000-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  82. Wakui S., Furusato M., Itoh T., Sasaki H., Akiyama A., Kinoshita I., Asano K., Tokuda T., Aizawa S., Ushigome S. Tumour angiogenesis in prostatic carcinoma with and without bone marrow metastasis: a morphometric study. J Pathol. 1992 Nov;168(3):257–262. doi: 10.1002/path.1711680303. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  83. Weber G. F., Ashkar S., Glimcher M. J., Cantor H. Receptor-ligand interaction between CD44 and osteopontin (Eta-1). Science. 1996 Jan 26;271(5248):509–512. doi: 10.1126/science.271.5248.509. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  84. Weidner N., Carroll P. R., Flax J., Blumenfeld W., Folkman J. Tumor angiogenesis correlates with metastasis in invasive prostate carcinoma. Am J Pathol. 1993 Aug;143(2):401–409. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  85. Yagoda A., Petrylak D. Cytotoxic chemotherapy for advanced hormone-resistant prostate cancer. Cancer. 1993 Feb 1;71(3 Suppl):1098–1109. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(19930201)71:3+<1098::aid-cncr2820711432>3.0.co;2-g. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  86. Zincke H., Oesterling J. E., Blute M. L., Bergstralh E. J., Myers R. P., Barrett D. M. Long-term (15 years) results after radical prostatectomy for clinically localized (stage T2c or lower) prostate cancer. J Urol. 1994 Nov;152(5 Pt 2):1850–1857. doi: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)32399-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from The American Journal of Pathology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Investigative Pathology

RESOURCES