Table 3 Overview of the literature on pregnancy after Fontan repair according to the definitions and overall results of the present study.
| Article (reference) | Patients (no) | Completed pregnancies | Miscarriage/abortion | Cardiac complications | Pregnancy complications | Obstetric complications | Neonatal complications |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Girod9 | 1 | 1 | – | – | – | PL (1) | PD (1), SGA (1) |
| Hess10 | 1 | 1 | – | SVT (1)* | – | PL (1) | PD (1), ND (1) |
| Carmona11 | 1 | 1 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Gerardin12 | 1 | 1 | – | SVT (1), HF (1) | PIH (1) | PL (1), F (1) | PD (1) |
| Carp13 | 2 | 2 | 1/– | AFL/AF (1) | – | CS (1), PROM (1), PPH (1) | PD (2), SGA (1) |
| Cohen14 | 1 | 1 | – | AFL/AF (1) | – | PROM (1), PL (1) | PD (1), ND (1) |
| Osmers,15 Braun16 | 1 | 1 | – | – | VAG (1) | CS (1) | PD (1) |
| Lao17 | 1 | 1 | – | – | VAG (1) | PROM (1), PL (1), PPH (1) | PD (1) |
| Canobbio,3 Fyfe,18 Mair19 | 21 | 15 | 13/5 | SVT (1), HF (1), NYHA↓ (1) | – | CS (11), PROM (1), PL (1) | CHD† (1), PD (1) |
| Grunwald20 | 1 | 1 | – | – | – | PPH (1) | SGA (1) |
| Hoare5 | 3 | 4 | 5/2 | AFL/AF (2), NYHA↓ (1) | – | CS (2), PROM (1), PL (1) | PD (4) |
| Siu21 22 | 5 | 5 | – | AFL/AF (2), NYHA↓ (2) | – | – | – |
| Ito23 | 1 | 1 | – | – | – | CS (1) | SGA (1) |
| Present study | 38 | 4 | 5/1 | AFL/AF (1), NYHA↓ (2) | VAG (1), PIH (1) | CS (3), F (1), PL (1), PROM (1), PPH (1), V (1) | PD (2), SGA (2), ND (1) |
| Overall | 78 | 39 | 24/8 | AFL/AF (7), NYHA↓ (6), SVT (3) HF (2) | VAG (3), PIH (2) | CS (19), PL (8), PROM (6), PPH (4), F (2) | PD (15), SGA (5), ND (3), CHD† (1) |
*No treatment initiated during pregnancy; †atrial septal defect.
AF, atrial fibrillation; AFL, atrial flutter; CHD, congenital heart disease; CS, caesarean section; F, forceps delivery; HF, heart failure; ND, neonatal death; NYHA↓, New York Heart Association class deterioration; PD, premature delivery; PIH, pregnancy‐induced hypertension; PL, premature labour; PPH, postpartum haemorrhage; PROM, premature rupture of membranes; SGA, small for gestational age; SVT, supraventricular tachycardia, V, vacuum delivery; VAG, vaginal bleeding.