Abstract
Gene therapy consists of the transfer of genetic material to cells to achieve a therapeutic goal. In the field of gastroenterology and hepatology gene therapy has produced considerable expectation as a potential tool in the management of conditions that lack effective therapy including non-resectable neoplasms of the liver, pancreas and gastrointestinal tract, chronic viral hepatitis unresponsive to interferon therapy, liver cirrhosis, and inflammatory bowel disease.
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Figure 1 .
Different gene therapy strategies to treat cancer.
Figure 2 .
Echo guided intratumoral injection of an adenoviral vector encoding IL12 in a patient with non-resectable hepatocellular carcinoma.
Figure 3 .
Positron emission tomography permits visualisation of transgene expression, when the transgene is an enzyme, by administration of a radioactive labelled substrate, as the substrate will be selectively incorporated into the tissue(s) expressing the transgene. This figure shows the positron emission tomographic image of two rats: one had received intravenous injection of 1011 PFU of an adenovirus encoding the reporter gene LacZ (Ad.LacZ) and the other the same dose of an adenovirus encoding HSV-tk (Ad.tk). Adenoviruses have strong liver tropism and a great proportion of the injected dose transduces liver cells. Two days after vector injection animals received a dose of 18FHBG, a substrate of HSV-tk. It can be seen that the radioactive label accumulates in the liver only in the animal injected with Ad.tk, while in the one that received Ad.LacZ most of the radioactivity is excreted by the kidneys and accumulates in the bladder. This study shows that PET represents a useful method to trace transgene expression.
Selected References
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