Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (77.7 KB).
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Altorki N. K., Skinner D. B. Adenocarcinoma in Barrett's esophagus. Semin Surg Oncol. 1990;6(5):274–278. doi: 10.1002/ssu.2980060509. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Armstrong R. W., Borman B. Trends in incidence rates of adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus and gastric cardia in New Zealand, 1978-1992. Int J Epidemiol. 1996 Oct;25(5):941–947. doi: 10.1093/ije/25.5.941. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Blot W. J., Devesa S. S., Kneller R. W., Fraumeni J. F., Jr Rising incidence of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and gastric cardia. JAMA. 1991 Mar 13;265(10):1287–1289. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bollschweiler E., Wolfgarten E., Gutschow C., Hölscher A. H. Demographic variations in the rising incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma in white males. Cancer. 2001 Aug 1;92(3):549–555. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(20010801)92:3<549::aid-cncr1354>3.0.co;2-l. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Brown L. M., Silverman D. T., Pottern L. M., Schoenberg J. B., Greenberg R. S., Swanson G. M., Liff J. M., Schwartz A. G., Hayes R. B., Blot W. J. Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and esophagogastric junction in white men in the United States: alcohol, tobacco, and socioeconomic factors. Cancer Causes Control. 1994 Jul;5(4):333–340. doi: 10.1007/BF01804984. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Brown L. M., Swanson C. A., Gridley G., Swanson G. M., Schoenberg J. B., Greenberg R. S., Silverman D. T., Pottern L. M., Hayes R. B., Schwartz A. G. Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus: role of obesity and diet. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1995 Jan 18;87(2):104–109. doi: 10.1093/jnci/87.2.104. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cameron A. J., Ott B. J., Payne W. S. The incidence of adenocarcinoma in columnar-lined (Barrett's) esophagus. N Engl J Med. 1985 Oct 3;313(14):857–859. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198510033131404. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chak A., Lee T., Kinnard M. F., Brock W., Faulx A., Willis J., Cooper G. S., Sivak M. V., Jr, Goddard K. A. B. Familial aggregation of Barrett's oesophagus, oesophageal adenocarcinoma, and oesophagogastric junctional adenocarcinoma in Caucasian adults. Gut. 2002 Sep;51(3):323–328. doi: 10.1136/gut.51.3.323. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chow W. H., Blaser M. J., Blot W. J., Gammon M. D., Vaughan T. L., Risch H. A., Perez-Perez G. I., Schoenberg J. B., Stanford J. L., Rotterdam H. An inverse relation between cagA+ strains of Helicobacter pylori infection and risk of esophageal and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res. 1998 Feb 15;58(4):588–590. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chow W. H., Blot W. J., Vaughan T. L., Risch H. A., Gammon M. D., Stanford J. L., Dubrow R., Schoenberg J. B., Mayne S. T., Farrow D. C. Body mass index and risk of adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and gastric cardia. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1998 Jan 21;90(2):150–155. doi: 10.1093/jnci/90.2.150. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chow W. H., Finkle W. D., McLaughlin J. K., Frankl H., Ziel H. K., Fraumeni J. F., Jr The relation of gastroesophageal reflux disease and its treatment to adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and gastric cardia. JAMA. 1995 Aug 9;274(6):474–477. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Crabb D. W., Berk M. A., Hall T. R., Conneally P. M., Biegel A. A., Lehman G. A. Familial gastroesophageal reflux and development of Barrett's esophagus. Ann Intern Med. 1985 Jul;103(1):52–54. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-103-1-52. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Devesa S. S., Blot W. J., Fraumeni J. F., Jr Changing patterns in the incidence of esophageal and gastric carcinoma in the United States. Cancer. 1998 Nov 15;83(10):2049–2053. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dhillon P. K., Farrow D. C., Vaughan T. L., Chow W. H., Risch H. A., Gammon M. D., Mayne S. T., Stanford J. L., Schoenberg J. B., Ahsan H. Family history of cancer and risk of esophageal and gastric cancers in the United States. Int J Cancer. 2001 Jul 1;93(1):148–152. doi: 10.1002/ijc.1294. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Drewitz D. J., Sampliner R. E., Garewal H. S. The incidence of adenocarcinoma in Barrett's esophagus: a prospective study of 170 patients followed 4.8 years. Am J Gastroenterol. 1997 Feb;92(2):212–215. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Eng C., Spechler S. J., Ruben R., Li F. P. Familial Barrett esophagus and adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1993 Jul-Aug;2(4):397–399. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Farrow D. C., Vaughan T. L. Determinants of survival following the diagnosis of esophageal adenocarcinoma (United States). Cancer Causes Control. 1996 May;7(3):322–327. doi: 10.1007/BF00052937. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Farrow D. C., Vaughan T. L., Hansten P. D., Stanford J. L., Risch H. A., Gammon M. D., Chow W. H., Dubrow R., Ahsan H., Mayne S. T. Use of aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and risk of esophageal and gastric cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1998 Feb;7(2):97–102. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Farrow D. C., Vaughan T. L., Sweeney C., Gammon M. D., Chow W. H., Risch H. A., Stanford J. L., Hansten P. D., Mayne S. T., Schoenberg J. B. Gastroesophageal reflux disease, use of H2 receptor antagonists, and risk of esophageal and gastric cancer. Cancer Causes Control. 2000 Mar;11(3):231–238. doi: 10.1023/a:1008913828105. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Funkhouser E. M., Sharp G. B. Aspirin and reduced risk of esophageal carcinoma. Cancer. 1995 Oct 1;76(7):1116–1119. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(19951001)76:7<1116::aid-cncr2820760703>3.0.co;2-i. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gammon M. D., Schoenberg J. B., Ahsan H., Risch H. A., Vaughan T. L., Chow W. H., Rotterdam H., West A. B., Dubrow R., Stanford J. L. Tobacco, alcohol, and socioeconomic status and adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and gastric cardia. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1997 Sep 3;89(17):1277–1284. doi: 10.1093/jnci/89.17.1277. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gao Y. T., McLaughlin J. K., Blot W. J., Ji B. T., Benichou J., Dai Q., Fraumeni J. F., Jr Risk factors for esophageal cancer in Shanghai, China. I. Role of cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking. Int J Cancer. 1994 Jul 15;58(2):192–196. doi: 10.1002/ijc.2910580208. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- González C. A., Agudo A., Montes J., Riboli E., Sanz J. M. Tobacco and alcohol intake in relation to adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia in Spain. Cancer Causes Control. 1994 Jan;5(1):88–89. doi: 10.1007/BF01830731. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Graham D. Y., Yamaoka Y. H. pylori and cagA: relationships with gastric cancer, duodenal ulcer, and reflux esophagitis and its complications. Helicobacter. 1998 Sep;3(3):145–151. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-5378.1998.08031.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hameeteman W., Tytgat G. N., Houthoff H. J., van den Tweel J. G. Barrett's esophagus: development of dysplasia and adenocarcinoma. Gastroenterology. 1989 May;96(5 Pt 1):1249–1256. doi: 10.1016/s0016-5085(89)80011-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hansen S., Wiig J. N., Giercksky K. E., Tretli S. Esophageal and gastric carcinoma in Norway 1958-1992: incidence time trend variability according to morphological subtypes and organ subsites. Int J Cancer. 1997 May 2;71(3):340–344. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19970502)71:3<340::aid-ijc5>3.0.co;2-y. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hansson L. E., Sparén P., Nyrén O. Increasing incidence of both major histological types of esophageal carcinomas among men in Sweden. Int J Cancer. 1993 May 28;54(3):402–407. doi: 10.1002/ijc.2910540309. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Henrik Simán J., Forsgren A., Berglund G., Florén C. H. Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with a decreased risk of developing oesophageal neoplasms. Helicobacter. 2001 Dec;6(4):310–316. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-5378.2001.00041.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hesketh P. J., Clapp R. W., Doos W. G., Spechler S. J. The increasing frequency of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. Cancer. 1989 Jul 15;64(2):526–530. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(19890715)64:2<526::aid-cncr2820640228>3.0.co;2-b. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Inadomi John M., Sampliner Richard, Lagergren Jesper, Lieberman David, Fendrick A. Mark, Vakil Nimish. Screening and surveillance for Barrett esophagus in high-risk groups: a cost-utility analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2003 Feb 4;138(3):176–186. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-138-3-200302040-00009. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ji B. T., Chow W. H., Yang G., McLaughlin J. K., Gao R. N., Zheng W., Shu X. O., Jin F., Fraumeni J. F., Jr, Gao Y. T. Body mass index and the risk of cancers of the gastric cardia and distal stomach in Shanghai, China. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1997 Jul;6(7):481–485. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jochem V. J., Fuerst P. A., Fromkes J. J. Familial Barrett's esophagus associated with adenocarcinoma. Gastroenterology. 1992 Apr;102(4 Pt 1):1400–1402. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Johansson J., Johnsson F., Walther B., Willén R., Staël von Holstein C., Zilling T. Adenocarcinoma in the distal esophagus with and without Barrett esophagus. Differences in symptoms and survival rates. Arch Surg. 1996 Jul;131(7):708–713. doi: 10.1001/archsurg.1996.01430190030008. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kabat G. C., Ng S. K., Wynder E. L. Tobacco, alcohol intake, and diet in relation to adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and gastric cardia. Cancer Causes Control. 1993 Mar;4(2):123–132. doi: 10.1007/BF00053153. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kim R., Weissfeld J. L., Reynolds J. C., Kuller L. H. Etiology of Barrett's metaplasia and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1997 May;6(5):369–377. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kuczmarski R. J., Flegal K. M., Campbell S. M., Johnson C. L. Increasing prevalence of overweight among US adults. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 1960 to 1991. JAMA. 1994 Jul 20;272(3):205–211. doi: 10.1001/jama.272.3.205. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lagergren J., Bergström R., Adami H. O., Nyrén O. Association between medications that relax the lower esophageal sphincter and risk for esophageal adenocarcinoma. Ann Intern Med. 2000 Aug 1;133(3):165–175. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-133-3-200008010-00007. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lagergren J., Bergström R., Lindgren A., Nyrén O. Symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux as a risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma. N Engl J Med. 1999 Mar 18;340(11):825–831. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199903183401101. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lagergren J., Bergström R., Lindgren A., Nyrén O. The role of tobacco, snuff and alcohol use in the aetiology of cancer of the oesophagus and gastric cardia. Int J Cancer. 2000 Feb 1;85(3):340–346. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lagergren J., Bergström R., Nyrén O. Association between body mass and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and gastric cardia. Ann Intern Med. 1999 Jun 1;130(11):883–890. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-130-11-199906010-00003. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lagergren J., Ye W., Bergström R., Nyrén O. Utility of endoscopic screening for upper gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma. JAMA. 2000 Aug 23;284(8):961–962. doi: 10.1001/jama.284.8.961. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lagergren J., Ye W., Lindgren A., Nyrén O. Heredity and risk of cancer of the esophagus and gastric cardia. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2000 Jul;9(7):757–760. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Levi F., Ollyo J. B., La Vecchia C., Boyle P., Monnier P., Savary M. The consumption of tobacco, alcohol and the risk of adenocarcinoma in Barrett's oesophagus. Int J Cancer. 1990 May 15;45(5):852–854. doi: 10.1002/ijc.2910450511. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Li J. Y., Ershow A. G., Chen Z. J., Wacholder S., Li G. Y., Guo W., Li B., Blot W. J. A case-control study of cancer of the esophagus and gastric cardia in Linxian. Int J Cancer. 1989 May 15;43(5):755–761. doi: 10.1002/ijc.2910430502. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Locke G. R., 3rd, Talley N. J., Fett S. L., Zinsmeister A. R., Melton L. J., 3rd Prevalence and clinical spectrum of gastroesophageal reflux: a population-based study in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Gastroenterology. 1997 May;112(5):1448–1456. doi: 10.1016/s0016-5085(97)70025-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mayne S. T., Risch H. A., Dubrow R., Chow W. H., Gammon M. D., Vaughan T. L., Farrow D. C., Schoenberg J. B., Stanford J. L., Ahsan H. Nutrient intake and risk of subtypes of esophageal and gastric cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2001 Oct;10(10):1055–1062. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mayne Susan T., Navarro Stephanie A. Diet, obesity and reflux in the etiology of adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and gastric cardia in humans. J Nutr. 2002 Nov;132(11 Suppl):3467S–3470S. doi: 10.1093/jn/132.11.3467S. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Møller H., Jensen O. M. Den tidsmaessige udvikling i esophagus-, cardia- og ventrikelcancer i Danmark 1943-1982. Kraeftstatistik nr. 19. Ugeskr Laeger. 1987 Jul 6;149(28):1904–1909. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Nebel O. T., Fornes M. F., Castell D. O. Symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux: incidence and precipitating factors. Am J Dig Dis. 1976 Nov;21(11):953–956. doi: 10.1007/BF01071906. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ovaska J., Miettinen M., Kivilaakso E. Adenocarcinoma arising in Barrett's esophagus. Dig Dis Sci. 1989 Sep;34(9):1336–1339. doi: 10.1007/BF01538065. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pera M., Cameron A. J., Trastek V. F., Carpenter H. A., Zinsmeister A. R. Increasing incidence of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and esophagogastric junction. Gastroenterology. 1993 Feb;104(2):510–513. doi: 10.1016/0016-5085(93)90420-h. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Powell J., McConkey C. C. The rising trend in oesophageal adenocarcinoma and gastric cardia. Eur J Cancer Prev. 1992 Apr;1(3):265–269. doi: 10.1097/00008469-199204000-00008. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Poynton A. R., Walsh T. N., O'Sullivan G., Hennessy T. P. Carcinoma arising in familial Barrett's esophagus. Am J Gastroenterol. 1996 Sep;91(9):1855–1856. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Prior A., Whorwell P. J. Familial Barrett's oesophagus? Hepatogastroenterology. 1986 Apr;33(2):86–87. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Richter J. E., Falk G. W., Vaezi M. F. Helicobacter pylori and gastroesophageal reflux disease: the bug may not be all bad. Am J Gastroenterol. 1998 Oct;93(10):1800–1802. doi: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.1998.00523.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Robertson C. S., Mayberry J. F., Nicholson D. A., James P. D., Atkinson M. Value of endoscopic surveillance in the detection of neoplastic change in Barrett's oesophagus. Br J Surg. 1988 Aug;75(8):760–763. doi: 10.1002/bjs.1800750813. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Romero Y., Cameron A. J., Locke G. R., 3rd, Schaid D. J., Slezak J. M., Branch C. D., Melton L. J., 3rd Familial aggregation of gastroesophageal reflux in patients with Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Gastroenterology. 1997 Nov;113(5):1449–1456. doi: 10.1053/gast.1997.v113.pm9352846. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Seidell J. C., Flegal K. M. Assessing obesity: classification and epidemiology. Br Med Bull. 1997;53(2):238–252. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a011611. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shirvani V. N., Ouatu-Lascar R., Kaur B. S., Omary M. B., Triadafilopoulos G. Cyclooxygenase 2 expression in Barrett's esophagus and adenocarcinoma: Ex vivo induction by bile salts and acid exposure. Gastroenterology. 2000 Mar;118(3):487–496. doi: 10.1016/s0016-5085(00)70254-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Souza R. F., Shewmake K., Beer D. G., Cryer B., Spechler S. J. Selective inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 suppresses growth and induces apoptosis in human esophageal adenocarcinoma cells. Cancer Res. 2000 Oct 15;60(20):5767–5772. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Spechler S. J., Goyal R. K. Barrett's esophagus. N Engl J Med. 1986 Aug 7;315(6):362–371. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198608073150605. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Spechler S. J., Robbins A. H., Rubins H. B., Vincent M. E., Heeren T., Doos W. G., Colton T., Schimmel E. M. Adenocarcinoma and Barrett's esophagus. An overrated risk? Gastroenterology. 1984 Oct;87(4):927–933. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sundelöf Martin, Ye Weimin, Dickman Paul W., Lagergren Jesper. Improved survival in both histologic types of oesophageal cancer in Sweden. Int J Cancer. 2002 Jun 10;99(5):751–754. doi: 10.1002/ijc.10420. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Taketo M. M. Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors in tumorigenesis (Part II). J Natl Cancer Inst. 1998 Nov 4;90(21):1609–1620. doi: 10.1093/jnci/90.21.1609. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Taketo M. M. Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors in tumorigenesis (part I). J Natl Cancer Inst. 1998 Oct 21;90(20):1529–1536. doi: 10.1093/jnci/90.20.1529. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Terry P., Lagergren J., Hansen H., Wolk A., Nyrén O. Fruit and vegetable consumption in the prevention of oesophageal and cardia cancers. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2001 Aug;10(4):365–369. doi: 10.1097/00008469-200108000-00010. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Terry P., Lagergren J., Ye W., Nyrén O., Wolk A. Antioxidants and cancers of the esophagus and gastric cardia. Int J Cancer. 2000 Sep 1;87(5):750–754. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Terry P., Lagergren J., Ye W., Wolk A., Nyrén O. Inverse association between intake of cereal fiber and risk of gastric cardia cancer. Gastroenterology. 2001 Feb;120(2):387–391. doi: 10.1053/gast.2001.21171. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Thomas P., Doddoli C., Lienne P., Morati N., Thirion X., Garbe L., Giudicelli R., Fuentes P. Changing patterns and surgical results in adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus. Br J Surg. 1997 Jan;84(1):119–125. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Thomas R. M., Sobin L. H. Gastrointestinal cancer. Cancer. 1995 Jan 1;75(1 Suppl):154–170. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(19950101)75:1+<154::aid-cncr2820751305>3.0.co;2-z. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Thompson W. G., Heaton K. W. Heartburn and globus in apparently healthy people. Can Med Assoc J. 1982 Jan 1;126(1):46–48. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Thun M. J., Namboodiri M. M., Calle E. E., Flanders W. D., Heath C. W., Jr Aspirin use and risk of fatal cancer. Cancer Res. 1993 Mar 15;53(6):1322–1327. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Van der Veen A. H., Dees J., Blankensteijn J. D., Van Blankenstein M. Adenocarcinoma in Barrett's oesophagus: an overrated risk. Gut. 1989 Jan;30(1):14–18. doi: 10.1136/gut.30.1.14. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Vaughan T. L., Davis S., Kristal A., Thomas D. B. Obesity, alcohol, and tobacco as risk factors for cancers of the esophagus and gastric cardia: adenocarcinoma versus squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1995 Mar;4(2):85–92. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Vaughan T. L., Farrow D. C., Hansten P. D., Chow W. H., Gammon M. D., Risch H. A., Stanford J. L., Schoenberg J. B., Mayne S. T., Rotterdam H. Risk of esophageal and gastric adenocarcinomas in relation to use of calcium channel blockers, asthma drugs, and other medications that promote gastroesophageal reflux. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1998 Sep;7(9):749–756. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Vieth M., Masoud B., Meining A., Stolte M. Helicobacter pylori infection: protection against Barrett's mucosa and neoplasia? Digestion. 2000;62(4):225–231. doi: 10.1159/000007820. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Weston A. P., Badr A. S., Topalovski M., Cherian R., Dixon A., Hassanein R. S. Prospective evaluation of the prevalence of gastric Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with GERD, Barrett's esophagus, Barrett's dysplasia, and Barrett's adenocarcinoma. Am J Gastroenterol. 2000 Feb;95(2):387–394. doi: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2000.01758.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wilson K. T., Fu S., Ramanujam K. S., Meltzer S. J. Increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in Barrett's esophagus and associated adenocarcinomas. Cancer Res. 1998 Jul 15;58(14):2929–2934. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wu-Williams A. H., Yu M. C., Mack T. M. Life-style, workplace, and stomach cancer by subsite in young men of Los Angeles County. Cancer Res. 1990 May 1;50(9):2569–2576. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wu A. H., Wan P., Bernstein L. A multiethnic population-based study of smoking, alcohol and body size and risk of adenocarcinomas of the stomach and esophagus (United States). Cancer Causes Control. 2001 Oct;12(8):721–732. doi: 10.1023/a:1011290704728. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wu Anna H., Crabtree Jean E., Bernstein Leslie, Hawtin Peter, Cockburn Myles, Tseng Chiu-chen, Forman David. Role of Helicobacter pylori CagA+ strains and risk of adenocarcinoma of the stomach and esophagus. Int J Cancer. 2003 Mar 1;103(6):815–821. doi: 10.1002/ijc.10887. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Yang P. C., Davis S. Incidence of cancer of the esophagus in the US by histologic type. Cancer. 1988 Feb 1;61(3):612–617. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(19880201)61:3<612::aid-cncr2820610332>3.0.co;2-q. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ye W., Chow W. H., Lagergren J., Yin L., Nyrén O. Risk of adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and gastric cardia in patients with gastroesophageal reflux diseases and after antireflux surgery. Gastroenterology. 2001 Dec;121(6):1286–1293. doi: 10.1053/gast.2001.29569. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ye Weimin, Held Maria, Lagergren Jesper, Engstrand Lars, Blot William J., McLaughlin Joseph K., Nyrén Olof. Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric atrophy: risk of adenocarcinoma and squamous-cell carcinoma of the esophagus and adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2004 Mar 3;96(5):388–396. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djh057. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zhang Z. F., Kurtz R. C., Sun M., Karpeh M., Jr, Yu G. P., Gargon N., Fein J. S., Georgopoulos S. K., Harlap S. Adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and gastric cardia: medical conditions, tobacco, alcohol, and socioeconomic factors. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1996 Oct;5(10):761–768. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zimmermann K. C., Sarbia M., Weber A. A., Borchard F., Gabbert H. E., Schrör K. Cyclooxygenase-2 expression in human esophageal carcinoma. Cancer Res. 1999 Jan 1;59(1):198–204. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- el-Serag H. B., Sonnenberg A. Opposing time trends of peptic ulcer and reflux disease. Gut. 1998 Sep;43(3):327–333. doi: 10.1136/gut.43.3.327. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]