Abstract
There has been an alarming increase in the number of spinal injuries in hockey players. Between 1976 and 1983, 42 were reported to the Committee on Prevention of Spinal Injuries due to Hockey. The median age of the injured players was 17 years. Of the 42 players 28 had spinal cord injuries, and 17 of them had complete paralysis below the vertebral level of the injury. Strikes from behind and collisions with the boards were common mechanisms of injury. Many of the players had suffered a burst fracture of the cervical spine following a blow to the top of the helmet when the neck was slightly flexed. The committee studied a number of possible etiologic factors and made several recommendations regarding prevention. League officials, coaches, players and equipment manufacturers can all play a role in prevention.
Full text
PDFImages in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- ALLEY R. H., Jr HEAD AND NECK INJURIES IN HIGH SCHOOL FOOTBALL. JAMA. 1964 May 4;188:418–422. doi: 10.1001/jama.1964.03060310018004. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bishop P. J., Norman R. W., Wells R., Ranney D., Skleryk B. Changes in the centre of mass and moment of inertia of a headform induced by a hockey helmet and face shield. Can J Appl Sport Sci. 1983 Mar;8(1):19–25. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Carter D. R., Frankel V. H. Biomechanics of hyperextension injuries to the cervical spine in football. Am J Sports Med. 1980 Sep-Oct;8(5):302–309. doi: 10.1177/036354658000800502. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Clarke K. S., Powell J. W. Football helmets and neurotrauma--an epidemiological overview of three seasons. Med Sci Sports. 1979 Summer;11(2):138–145. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Daffner R. H. Injuries in amateur ice hockey: a two-year analysis. J Fam Pract. 1977 Feb;4(2):225–227. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fekete J. F. Severe brain injury and death following minor hockey accidents: the effectiveness of the "safety helmets" of amateur hockey players. Can Med Assoc J. 1968 Dec 28;99(25):1234–1239. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Funk F. F., Wells R. E. Injuries of the cervical spine in football. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1975;(109):50–58. doi: 10.1097/00003086-197506000-00007. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kewalramani L. S., Krauss J. F. Cervical spine injuries resulting from collision sports. Paraplegia. 1981;19(5):303–312. doi: 10.1038/sc.1981.58. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pashby T. J., Pashby R. C., Chisholm L. D., Crawford J. S. Eye injuries in Canadian hockey. Can Med Assoc J. 1975 Oct 4;113(7):663-6, 674. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Reid S. E., Reid S. E., Jr Football, neck muscles and head impact. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1978 Oct;147(4):513–517. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SCHNEIDER R. C., REIFEL E., CRISLER H. O., OOSTERBAAN B. G. Serious and fatal football injuries involving the head and spinal cord. JAMA. 1961 Aug 12;177:362–367. doi: 10.1001/jama.1961.03040320006002. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schneider R. C. Serious and fatal neurosurgical football injuries. Clin Neurosurg. 1964;12:226–236. doi: 10.1093/neurosurgery/12.cn_suppl_1.226. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tator C. H., Edmonds V. E. Acute spinal cord injury: analysis of epidemiologic factors. Can J Surg. 1979 Nov;22(6):575–578. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tator C. H., Ekong C. E., Rowed D. W., Schwartz M. L., Edmonds V. E., Cooper P. W. Spinal injuries due to hockey. Can J Neurol Sci. 1984 Feb;11(1):34–41. doi: 10.1017/s0317167100045297. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Torg J. S., Truex R., Jr, Quedenfeld T. C., Burstein A., Spealman A., Nichols C., 3rd The National Football Head and Neck Injury Registry. Report and conclusions 1978. JAMA. 1979 Apr 6;241(14):1477–1479. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Virgin H. Cineradiographic study of football helmets and the cervical spine. Am J Sports Med. 1980 Sep-Oct;8(5):310–317. doi: 10.1177/036354658000800503. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]