Skip to main content
NCBI home page
The American Journal of Pathology logoLink to The American Journal of Pathology
. 1989 Oct;135(4):631–636.

Urokinase-type plasminogen activator in endothelial cells during acute inflammation of the appendix.

J Grøndahl-Hansen 1, L T Kirkeby 1, E Ralfkiaer 1, P Kristensen 1, L R Lund 1, K Danø 1
PMCID: PMC1880031  PMID: 2508479

Abstract

Urokinase and tissue-type plasminogen activators (u-PA and t-PA) were identified immunohistochemically in normal and inflamed human appendices by means of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. In addition, extracts of the tissues were analyzed for u-PA and t-PA by ELISA. Twelve appendices (five normal and seven with acute inflammation) were analyzed. In the normal appendices, there was a strong staining of the endothelial cells for t-PA, whereas there was negative staining for u-PA. In contrast, the endothelial cells in the inflamed appendices showed u-PA immunoreactivity, and negative or very weak reactions for t-PA. In the inflamed appendix, there was also a labeling of u-PA in fibroblast-like cells and in interstitial areas. The specificity of the staining was supported by a variety of staining controls and also by analysis of tissue extracts with ELISA, showing that on the average the inflamed appendices contained more than twice as much mu-PA per mg of protein as the normal appendices and less than one third of the amount of t-PA.

Full text

PDF
631

Images in this article

633Figure 1
on p.633

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Bendtzen K. Interleukin 1, interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor in infection, inflammation and immunity. Immunol Lett. 1988 Nov;19(3):183–191. doi: 10.1016/0165-2478(88)90141-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Blasi F., Vassalli J. D., Danø K. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator: proenzyme, receptor, and inhibitors. J Cell Biol. 1987 Apr;104(4):801–804. doi: 10.1083/jcb.104.4.801. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Booyse F. M., Scheinbuks J., Radek J., Osikowicz G., Feder S., Quarfoot A. J. Immunological identification and comparison of plasminogen activator forms in cultured normal human endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. Thromb Res. 1981 Dec 1;24(5-6):495–504. doi: 10.1016/0049-3848(81)90085-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Collen D. On the regulation and control of fibrinolysis. Edward Kowalski Memorial Lecture. Thromb Haemost. 1980 Jun 18;43(2):77–89. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Cotran R. S. American Association of Pathologists president's address. New roles for the endothelium in inflammation and immunity. Am J Pathol. 1987 Dec;129(3):407–413. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Danø K., Andreasen P. A., Grøndahl-Hansen J., Kristensen P., Nielsen L. S., Skriver L. Plasminogen activators, tissue degradation, and cancer. Adv Cancer Res. 1985;44:139–266. doi: 10.1016/s0065-230x(08)60028-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Ellis V., Scully M. F., Kakkar V. V. Plasminogen activation initiated by single-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator. Potentiation by U937 monocytes. J Biol Chem. 1989 Feb 5;264(4):2185–2188. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Grøndahl-Hansen J., Lund L. R., Ralfkiaer E., Ottevanger V., Danø K. Urokinase- and tissue-type plasminogen activators in keratinocytes during wound reepithelialization in vivo. J Invest Dermatol. 1988 Jun;90(6):790–795. doi: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12461511. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Grøndahl-Hansen J., Nielsen L. S., Kristensen P., Grøndahl-Hansen V., Andreasen P. A., Danø K. Plasminogen activator in psoriatic scales is of the tissue-type PA as identified by monoclonal antibodies. Br J Dermatol. 1985 Sep;113(3):257–263. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1985.tb02076.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Grøndahl-Hansen J., Ralfkiaer E., Nielsen L. S., Kristensen P., Frentz G., Danø K. Immunohistochemical localization of urokinase- and tissue-type plasminogen activators in psoriatic skin. J Invest Dermatol. 1987 Jan;88(1):28–32. doi: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12464827. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Kaltoft K., Nielsen L. S., Zeuthen J., Danø K. Monoclonal antibody that specifically inhibits a human Mr 52,000 plasminogen-activating enzyme. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Jun;79(12):3720–3723. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.12.3720. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Kristensen P., Hougaard D. M., Nielsen L. S., Danø K. Tissue-type plasminogen activator in rat adrenal medulla. Histochemistry. 1986;85(5):431–436. doi: 10.1007/BF00982674. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Kristensen P., Larsson L. I., Nielsen L. S., Grøndahl-Hansen J., Andreasen P. A., Danø K. Human endothelial cells contain one type of plasminogen activator. FEBS Lett. 1984 Mar 12;168(1):33–37. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(84)80201-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Kristensen P., Nielsen J. H., Larsson L. I., Danø K. Tissue-type plasminogen activator in somatostatin cells of rat pancreas and hypothalamus. Endocrinology. 1987 Dec;121(6):2238–2244. doi: 10.1210/endo-121-6-2238. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Kristensen P., Nielsen L. S., Grøndahl-Hansen J., Andresen P. B., Larsson L. I., Danø K. Immunocytochemical demonstration of tissue-type plasminogen activator in endocrine cells of the rat pituitary gland. J Cell Biol. 1985 Jul;101(1):305–311. doi: 10.1083/jcb.101.1.305. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Larsson L. I., Skriver L., Nielsen L. S., Grøndahl-Hansen J., Kristensen P., Danø K. Distribution of urokinase-type plasminogen activator immunoreactivity in the mouse. J Cell Biol. 1984 Mar;98(3):894–903. doi: 10.1083/jcb.98.3.894. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Levin E. G. Latent tissue plasminogen activator produced by human endothelial cells in culture: evidence for an enzyme-inhibitor complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Nov;80(22):6804–6808. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.22.6804. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Levin E. G., Loskutoff D. J. Cultured bovine endothelial cells produce both urokinase and tissue-type plasminogen activators. J Cell Biol. 1982 Sep;94(3):631–636. doi: 10.1083/jcb.94.3.631. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. MARCHESI V. T., GOWANS J. L. THE MIGRATION OF LYMPHOCYTES THROUGH THE ENDOTHELIUM OF VENULES IN LYMPH NODES: AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPE STUDY. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1964 Jan 14;159:283–290. doi: 10.1098/rspb.1964.0002. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Miles L. A., Levin E. G., Plescia J., Collen D., Plow E. F. Plasminogen receptors, urokinase receptors, and their modulation on human endothelial cells. Blood. 1988 Aug;72(2):628–635. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Nielsen L. S., Hansen J. G., Andreasen P. A., Skriver L., Danø K., Zeuthen J. Monoclonal antibody to human 66,000 molecular weight plasminogen activator from melanoma cells. Specific enzyme inhibition and one-step affinity purification. EMBO J. 1983;2(1):115–119. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1983.tb01391.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Nielsen L. S., Kellerman G. M., Behrendt N., Picone R., Danø K., Blasi F. A 55,000-60,000 Mr receptor protein for urokinase-type plasminogen activator. Identification in human tumor cell lines and partial purification. J Biol Chem. 1988 Feb 15;263(5):2358–2363. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Ossowski L., Biegel D., Reich E. Mammary plasminogen activator: correlation with involution, hormonal modulation and comparison between normal and neoplastic tissue. Cell. 1979 Apr;16(4):929–940. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(79)90108-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Pepper M. S., Vassalli J. D., Montesano R., Orci L. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator is induced in migrating capillary endothelial cells. J Cell Biol. 1987 Dec;105(6 Pt 1):2535–2541. doi: 10.1083/jcb.105.6.2535. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Rijken D. C., Wijngaards G., Welbergen J. Relationship between tissue plasminogen activator and the activators in blood and vascular wall. Thromb Res. 1980 Jun 15;18(6):815–830. doi: 10.1016/0049-3848(80)90204-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Schleef R. R., Bevilacqua M. P., Sawdey M., Gimbrone M. A., Jr, Loskutoff D. J. Cytokine activation of vascular endothelium. Effects on tissue-type plasminogen activator and type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor. J Biol Chem. 1988 Apr 25;263(12):5797–5803. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Stephens R. W., Pöllänen J., Tapiovaara H., Leung K. C., Sim P. S., Salonen E. M., Rønne E., Behrendt N., Danø K., Vaheri A. Activation of pro-urokinase and plasminogen on human sarcoma cells: a proteolytic system with surface-bound reactants. J Cell Biol. 1989 May;108(5):1987–1995. doi: 10.1083/jcb.108.5.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Vassalli J. D., Baccino D., Belin D. A cellular binding site for the Mr 55,000 form of the human plasminogen activator, urokinase. J Cell Biol. 1985 Jan;100(1):86–92. doi: 10.1083/jcb.100.1.86. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Vihko K. K., Kristensen P., Danø K., Parvinen M. Immunohistochemical localization of urokinase-type plasminogen activator in Sertoli cells and tissue-type plasminogen activator in spermatogenic cells in the rat seminiferous epithelium. Dev Biol. 1988 Mar;126(1):150–155. doi: 10.1016/0012-1606(88)90248-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. van Hinsbergh V. W., Binnema D., Scheffer M. A., Sprengers E. D., Kooistra T., Rijken D. C. Production of plasminogen activators and inhibitor by serially propagated endothelial cells from adult human blood vessels. Arteriosclerosis. 1987 Jul-Aug;7(4):389–400. doi: 10.1161/01.atv.7.4.389. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from The American Journal of Pathology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Investigative Pathology

RESOURCES