Abstract
Four (5%) of 81 recent isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae from the blood of adult patients but no isolates from pediatric patients (n = 51) were resistant (MIC, > or = 1 microgram/ml) to erythromycin. The MICs of clarithromycin were slightly lower than those of erythromycin, but there was complete cross-resistance. Routine testing and surveillance are needed to determine whether erythromycin resistance among S. pneumoniae isolates is increasing throughout the United States.
Full text
PDFSelected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Cantón E. Cefotaxime breakpoint for Streptococcus pneumoniae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1993 Mar;37(3):616–617. doi: 10.1128/aac.37.3.616. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chu S. Y., Deaton R., Cavanaugh J. Absolute bioavailability of clarithromycin after oral administration in humans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1992 May;36(5):1147–1150. doi: 10.1128/aac.36.5.1147. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chu S. Y., Sennello L. T., Bunnell S. T., Varga L. L., Wilson D. S., Sonders R. C. Pharmacokinetics of clarithromycin, a new macrolide, after single ascending oral doses. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1992 Nov;36(11):2447–2453. doi: 10.1128/aac.36.11.2447. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cooksey R. C., Facklam R. R., Thornsberry C. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1978 Apr;13(4):645–648. doi: 10.1128/aac.13.4.645. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dibb W. L., Digranes A., Bottolfsen K. L. Effects of carbon dioxide upon the in vitro activity of erythromycin. Acta Pathol Microbiol Immunol Scand B. 1986 Jun;94(3):173–176. doi: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1986.tb03038.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dixon J. M., Lipinski A. E. Pneumococci resistant to erythromycin. Can Med Assoc J. 1978 Nov 4;119(9):1044–1046. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dowson C. G., Hutchison A., Woodford N., Johnson A. P., George R. C., Spratt B. G. Penicillin-resistant viridans streptococci have obtained altered penicillin-binding protein genes from penicillin-resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Aug;87(15):5858–5862. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.15.5858. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fang G. D., Fine M., Orloff J., Arisumi D., Yu V. L., Kapoor W., Grayston J. T., Wang S. P., Kohler R., Muder R. R. New and emerging etiologies for community-acquired pneumonia with implications for therapy. A prospective multicenter study of 359 cases. Medicine (Baltimore) 1990 Sep;69(5):307–316. doi: 10.1097/00005792-199009000-00004. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fenoll A., Martín Bourgon C., Muñz R., Vicioso D., Casal J. Serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates causing systemic infections in Spain, 1979-1989. Rev Infect Dis. 1991 Jan-Feb;13(1):56–60. doi: 10.1093/clinids/13.1.56. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Geslin P., Buu-Hoi A., Frémaux A., Acar J. F. Antimicrobial resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae: an epidemiological survey in France, 1970-1990. Clin Infect Dis. 1992 Jul;15(1):95–98. doi: 10.1093/clinids/15.1.95. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Istre G. R., Humphreys J. T., Albrecht K. D., Thornsberry C., Swenson J. M., Hopkins R. S. Chloramphenicol and penicillin resistance in pneumococci isolated from blood and cerebrospinal fluid: a prevalence study in metropolitan Denver. J Clin Microbiol. 1983 Mar;17(3):472–475. doi: 10.1128/jcm.17.3.472-475.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jacobs M. R., Mithal Y., Robins-Browne R. M., Gaspar M. N., Koornhof H. J. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of pneumococci: determination of Kirby-Bauer breakpoints for penicillin G, erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and rifampin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1979 Aug;16(2):190–197. doi: 10.1128/aac.16.2.190. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jorgensen J. H., Doern G. V., Maher L. A., Howell A. W., Redding J. S. Antimicrobial resistance among respiratory isolates of Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1990 Nov;34(11):2075–2080. doi: 10.1128/aac.34.11.2075. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Klugman K. P., Koornhof H. J. Drug resistance patterns and serogroups or serotypes of pneumococcal isolates from cerebrospinal fluid or blood, 1979-1986. J Infect Dis. 1988 Nov;158(5):956–964. doi: 10.1093/infdis/158.5.956. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Latorre Otín C., Jumcasa Morros T., Sanfeliu Sala I. Antibiotic susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from paediatric patients. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1988 Nov;22(5):659–665. doi: 10.1093/jac/22.5.659. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Marton A., Gulyas M., Munoz R., Tomasz A. Extremely high incidence of antibiotic resistance in clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Hungary. J Infect Dis. 1991 Mar;163(3):542–548. doi: 10.1093/infdis/163.3.542. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mason E. O., Jr, Kaplan S. L., Lamberth L. B., Tillman J. Increased rate of isolation of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in a children's hospital and in vitro susceptibilities to antibiotics of potential therapeutic use. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1992 Aug;36(8):1703–1707. doi: 10.1128/aac.36.8.1703. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Perez Trallero E., Garcia Arenzana J. M., Urbieta Egaña M. Erythromycin resistance in streptococci. Lancet. 1989 Aug 19;2(8660):444–445. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(89)90618-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Powell M., McVey D., Kassim M. H., Chen H. Y., Williams J. D. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis isolated in the UK from sputa. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1991 Aug;28(2):249–259. doi: 10.1093/jac/28.2.249. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sempere M. A., Gómez J., Ruiz J. Resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae to erythromycin in adults and children. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1992 Mar;29(3):348–349. doi: 10.1093/jac/29.3.348. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Seppälä H., Nissinen A., Järvinen H., Huovinen S., Henriksson T., Herva E., Holm S. E., Jahkola M., Katila M. L., Klaukka T. Resistance to erythromycin in group A streptococci. N Engl J Med. 1992 Jan 30;326(5):292–297. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199201303260503. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Spika J. S., Facklam R. R., Plikaytis B. D., Oxtoby M. J. Antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States, 1979-1987. The Pneumococcal Surveillance Working Group. J Infect Dis. 1991 Jun;163(6):1273–1278. doi: 10.1093/infdis/163.6.1273. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]