Table 1.
Variable | Immediate cognitive therapy group (n=29) | Waiting list group (n=29) |
---|---|---|
Mean (SD) post-traumatic diagnosis scale | 34.7 (7.8) | 36.8 (6.8) |
Mean (SD) Beck depression inventory | 35.4 (9.9) | 35.6 (11.3) |
Mean (SD) Sheehan disability scale | 7.8 (1.4) | 8.6 (1.6) |
Mean (SD) age (years) | 44.1 (11.3) | 43.7 (12.3) |
Women | 10 (34) | 13 (45) |
Civilian | 14 (48) | 21 (72) |
Police, soldier, or other profession with active involvement | 15 (52) | 8 (28) |
Experienced multiple traumatic events | 25 (86) | 22 (76) |
Median (range) No of traumatic events | 3 (1-9) | 3 (1-10) |
Median (range) years since index event | 8 (0.3-33) | 5.4 (0.2-32) |
Median (range) duration (years) of post-traumatic stress disorder | 5 (0.3-25) | 5.4 (0.2-32) |
Characteristics of index trauma event: | ||
Related to Northern Ireland “troubles” | 24 (83) | 25 (86) |
Terrorist events outside Northern Ireland | 2 (7) | 1 (4) |
Bombings | 14 (48) | 9 (31) |
Shootings and killings | 4 (14) | 9 (31) |
Taken hostage | 6 (21) | 2 (7) |
Physical assault | 2 (7) | 6 (21) |
Road injuries | 3 (10) | 2 (7) |
Riots | 0 | 1 (3) |
Experienced event | 19 (66) | 24 (83) |
Witnessed event | 10 (34) | 5 (17) |
Injured in event | 4 (14) | 7 (24) |
Any axis I comorbidity*: | 23 (79) | 19 (66) |
Major depression | 21 (72) | 16 (55) |
Panic disorder | 6 (21) | 6 (21) |
Specific phobias | 2 (7) | 4 (14) |
Alcohol or substance use disorder | 4 (14) | 4 (14) |
Generalised anxiety disorder | 2 (7) | 1 (3) |
Social phobia | 1 (3) | 1(3) |
Other anxiety disorder | 2 (7) | 0 |
Bulimia nervosa | 0 | 1 (3) |
Any psychotropic drugs taken: | 18 (62) | 21 (72) |
Antidepressants | 15 (52) | 20 (69) |
Benzodiazepines | 4 (14) | 5 (17) |
Hypnotics | 1 (3) | 1 (3) |
Previous psychological treatment for trauma | 18 (62) | 13 (45) |
*Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition.