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. 1995 Jan;69(1):1–12. doi: 10.1128/jvi.69.1.1-12.1995

A switch region determines the cell type-specific positive or negative action of YY1 on the activity of the human papillomavirus type 18 promoter.

T Bauknecht 1, F Jundt 1, I Herr 1, T Oehler 1, H Delius 1, Y Shi 1, P Angel 1, H Zur Hausen 1
PMCID: PMC188542  PMID: 7983700

Abstract

YY1 is a zinc finger transcription factor which acts as either a repressor or an activator dependent on the promoter context. YY1 is a potent activator of the genuine human papillomavirus type 18 (HPV-18) upstream regulatory region (URR) in HeLa cells, which are known for high-level expression of the HPV-18 early genes. The activating activity of YY1 is dependent on the presence of a newly identified switch region located upstream of the YY1 binding site. Deletion of this region causes YY1 to act as a repressor of HPV-18 promoter activity. In vivo footprinting of the HPV-18 URR and an in vitro electrophoretic mobility shift assay identified proteins binding to the switch region. Site-directed mutagenesis of the switch region and YY1 binding sites suggests that these two regions work in concert to yield high-level HPV-18 URR activity in HeLa cells but not in HepG2 cells, where HPV-18 is almost inactive. These data identified a novel mode of cell type-specific regulation of HPV-18 promoter activity by positive or negative action of YY1, determined by the switch region binding factor(s).

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Selected References

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