Skip to main content
NCBI home page
The American Journal of Pathology logoLink to The American Journal of Pathology
. 1993 Jun;142(6):1695–1700.

Two types of putative preneoplastic lesions identified by hexosaminidase activity in whole-mounts of colons from F344 rats treated with carcinogen.

T P Pretlow 1, M A O'Riordan 1, K M Spancake 1, T G Pretlow 1
PMCID: PMC1887005  PMID: 8506941

Abstract

Previous studies identified as putative preneoplastic lesions 1) enzyme-altered foci in sections of methacrylate-embedded colon and 2) aberrant crypts in methylene blue-stained unembedded (whole-mount) colon and established that aberrant crypts embedded in methacrylate had enzyme alterations. We have now studied histochemically demonstrable hexosaminidase activity in unembedded or whole-mount preparations of colons from carcinogen-treated rats. These preparations have revealed two populations of crypts that are enzyme-altered: those that are morphologically altered or aberrant and those that are morphologically normal. Both populations can be quantified rigorously in less than an hour with whole-mount preparations reacted for hexosaminidase. The demonstration of phenotypic characteristics with histochemical techniques in whole-mount preparations should have wide applicability to functional studies in many normal and diseased tissues.

Full text

PDF
1695

Images in this article

1696Figure 1
on p.1696

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Barrow B. J., O'Riordan M. A., Stellato T. A., Calkins B. M., Pretlow T. P. Enzyme-altered foci in colons of carcinogen-treated rats. Cancer Res. 1990 Mar 15;50(6):1911–1916. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Barrow B. J., Ortiz-Reyes R., O'Riordan M. A., Pretlow T. P. In situ localization of enzymes and mucin in normal rat colon embedded in plastic. Histochem J. 1989 May;21(5):289–295. doi: 10.1007/BF01757182. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Bird R. P. Observation and quantification of aberrant crypts in the murine colon treated with a colon carcinogen: preliminary findings. Cancer Lett. 1987 Oct 30;37(2):147–151. doi: 10.1016/0304-3835(87)90157-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Bodmer W. F., Bailey C. J., Bodmer J., Bussey H. J., Ellis A., Gorman P., Lucibello F. C., Murday V. A., Rider S. H., Scambler P. Localization of the gene for familial adenomatous polyposis on chromosome 5. Nature. 1987 Aug 13;328(6131):614–616. doi: 10.1038/328614a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Gilbert F., Kucherlapati R., Creagan R. P., Murnane M. J., Darlington G. J., Ruddle F. H. Tay-Sachs' and Sandhoff's diseases: the assignment of genes for hexosaminidase A and B to individual human chromosomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Jan;72(1):263–267. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.1.263. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. HOLMAN R. L., McGILL H. C., Jr, STRONG J. P., GEER J. C. The natural history of atherosclerosis: the early aortic lesions as seen in New Orleans in the middle of the of the 20th century. Am J Pathol. 1958 Mar-Apr;34(2):209–235. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Herrera L., Kakati S., Gibas L., Pietrzak E., Sandberg A. A. Gardner syndrome in a man with an interstitial deletion of 5q. Am J Med Genet. 1986 Nov;25(3):473–476. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.1320250309. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Kimura O., Kaibara N., Miyano Y., Okamoto T., Tamura H., Yurugi E., Koga S. Nuclear DNA content in dimethylhydrazine-induced colonic carcinoma and mucosal dysplasia in rats. Cancer. 1984 May 1;53(9):1918–1922. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(19840501)53:9<1918::aid-cncr2820530918>3.0.co;2-b. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Kuramoto S., Ihara O., Sakai S., Shimazu R., Kaminishi M., Oohara T. Depressed adenoma in the large intestine. Endoscopic features. Dis Colon Rectum. 1990 Feb;33(2):108–112. doi: 10.1007/BF02055537. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Lam L. K., Zhang J. Reduction of aberrant crypt formation in the colon of CF1 mice by potential chemopreventive agents. Carcinogenesis. 1991 Dec;12(12):2311–2315. doi: 10.1093/carcin/12.12.2311. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Leppert M., Dobbs M., Scambler P., O'Connell P., Nakamura Y., Stauffer D., Woodward S., Burt R., Hughes J., Gardner E. The gene for familial polyposis coli maps to the long arm of chromosome 5. Science. 1987 Dec 4;238(4832):1411–1413. doi: 10.1126/science.3479843. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Lin W. C., Pretlow T. P., Pretlow T. G., 2nd, Culp L. A. High-resolution analyses of two different classes of tumor cells in situ tagged with alternative histochemical marker genes. Am J Pathol. 1992 Dec;141(6):1331–1342. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Matsuoka M., Nagawa F., Okazaki K., Kingsbury L., Yoshida K., Müller U., Larue D. T., Winer J. A., Sakano H. Detection of somatic DNA recombination in the transgenic mouse brain. Science. 1991 Oct 4;254(5028):81–86. doi: 10.1126/science.1925563. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. McLellan E. A., Bird R. P. Aberrant crypts: potential preneoplastic lesions in the murine colon. Cancer Res. 1988 Nov 1;48(21):6187–6192. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. McLellan E. A., Bird R. P. Specificity study to evaluate induction of aberrant crypts in murine colons. Cancer Res. 1988 Nov 1;48(21):6183–6186. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. McLellan E. A., Medline A., Bird R. P. Dose response and proliferative characteristics of aberrant crypt foci: putative preneoplastic lesions in rat colon. Carcinogenesis. 1991 Nov;12(11):2093–2098. doi: 10.1093/carcin/12.11.2093. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. McLellan E. A., Medline A., Bird R. P. Sequential analyses of the growth and morphological characteristics of aberrant crypt foci: putative preneoplastic lesions. Cancer Res. 1991 Oct 1;51(19):5270–5274. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. McLellan E., Bird R. P. Effect of disulfiram on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine- and azoxymethane-induced aberrant crypt foci. Carcinogenesis. 1991 Jun;12(6):969–972. doi: 10.1093/carcin/12.6.969. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Muto T., Kamiya J., Sawada T., Konishi F., Sugihara K., Kubota Y., Adachi M., Agawa S., Saito Y., Morioka Y. Small "flat adenoma" of the large bowel with special reference to its clinicopathologic features. Dis Colon Rectum. 1985 Nov;28(11):847–851. doi: 10.1007/BF02555490. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Nishizawa M., Okada T., Sato F., Kariya A., Mayama S., Nakamura K. A clinicopathological study of minute polypoid lesions of the colon based on magnifying fiber-colonoscopy and dissecting microscopy. Endoscopy. 1980 May;12(3):124–129. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1021727. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Okada M., Maeda K., Yao T., Iwashita A., Nomiyama Y., Kitahara K. Minute lesions of the rectum and sigmoid colon in patients with Crohn's disease. Gastrointest Endosc. 1991 May-Jun;37(3):319–324. doi: 10.1016/s0016-5107(91)70723-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Pretlow T. P., Barrow B. J., Ashton W. S., O'Riordan M. A., Pretlow T. G., Jurcisek J. A., Stellato T. A. Aberrant crypts: putative preneoplastic foci in human colonic mucosa. Cancer Res. 1991 Mar 1;51(5):1564–1567. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Pretlow T. P., Grane R. W., Goehring P. L., Lapinsky A. S., Pretlow T. G., 2nd Examination of enzyme-altered foci with gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, aldehyde dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and other markers in methacrylate-embedded liver. Lab Invest. 1987 Jan;56(1):96–100. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Pretlow T. P., Lapinsky A. S., Flowers L. C., Grane R. W., Pretlow T. G., 2nd Enzymatic histochemistry of mouse kidney in plastic. J Histochem Cytochem. 1987 Apr;35(4):483–487. doi: 10.1177/35.4.2880890. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Pretlow T. P., O'Riordan M. A., Kolman M. F., Jurcisek J. A. Colonic aberrant crypts in azoxymethane-treated F344 rats have decreased hexosaminidase activity. Am J Pathol. 1990 Jan;136(1):13–16. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Pretlow T. P., O'Riordan M. A., Pretlow T. G., Stellato T. A. Aberrant crypts in human colonic mucosa: putative preneoplastic lesions. J Cell Biochem Suppl. 1992;16G:55–62. doi: 10.1002/jcb.240501111. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Pretlow T. P., O'Riordan M. A., Somich G. A., Amini S. B., Pretlow T. G. Aberrant crypts correlate with tumor incidence in F344 rats treated with azoxymethane and phytate. Carcinogenesis. 1992 Sep;13(9):1509–1512. doi: 10.1093/carcin/13.9.1509. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Roncucci L., Medline A., Bruce W. R. Classification of aberrant crypt foci and microadenomas in human colon. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1991 Nov-Dec;1(1):57–60. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Roncucci L., Stamp D., Medline A., Cullen J. B., Bruce W. R. Identification and quantification of aberrant crypt foci and microadenomas in the human colon. Hum Pathol. 1991 Mar;22(3):287–294. doi: 10.1016/0046-8177(91)90163-j. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Sandforth F., Heimpel S., Balzer T., Gutschmidt S., Riecken E. O. Characterization of stereomicroscopically identified preneoplastic lesions during dimethylhydrazine-induced colonic carcinogenesis. Eur J Clin Invest. 1988 Dec;18(6):655–662. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.1988.tb01283.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Sanes J. R., Rubenstein J. L., Nicolas J. F. Use of a recombinant retrovirus to study post-implantation cell lineage in mouse embryos. EMBO J. 1986 Dec 1;5(12):3133–3142. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1986.tb04620.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Shiozaki H., Tahara H., Kobayashi K., Yano H., Tamura S., Imamoto H., Yano T., Oku K., Miyata M., Nishiyama K. Endoscopic screening of early esophageal cancer with the Lugol dye method in patients with head and neck cancers. Cancer. 1990 Nov 15;66(10):2068–2071. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(19901115)66:10<2068::aid-cncr2820661005>3.0.co;2-w. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Sparkes R. S., Murphree A. L., Lingua R. W., Sparkes M. C., Field L. L., Funderburk S. J., Benedict W. F. Gene for hereditary retinoblastoma assigned to human chromosome 13 by linkage to esterase D. Science. 1983 Feb 25;219(4587):971–973. doi: 10.1126/science.6823558. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Sparkes R. S., Sparkes M. C., Wilson M. G., Towner J. W., Benedict W., Murphree A. L., Yunis J. J. Regional assignment of genes for human esterase D and retinoblastoma to chromosome band 13q14. Science. 1980 May 30;208(4447):1042–1044. doi: 10.1126/science.7375916. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Stopera S. A., Davie J. R., Bird R. P. Colonic aberrant crypt foci are associated with increased expression of c-fos: the possible role of modified c-fos expression in preneoplastic lesions in colon cancer. Carcinogenesis. 1992 Apr;13(4):573–578. doi: 10.1093/carcin/13.4.573. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Tudek B., Bird R. P., Bruce W. R. Foci of aberrant crypts in the colons of mice and rats exposed to carcinogens associated with foods. Cancer Res. 1989 Mar 1;49(5):1236–1240. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Walsh C., Cepko C. L. Widespread dispersion of neuronal clones across functional regions of the cerebral cortex. Science. 1992 Jan 24;255(5043):434–440. doi: 10.1126/science.1734520. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from The American Journal of Pathology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Investigative Pathology

RESOURCES