Abstract
We have constructed three cDNA clones of encephalomyocarditis virus strain R (EMCV-R) with poly(C) tracts of C4, C9, and C20. RNA transcribed from these cDNAs was infectious to HeLa cells, and the resultant viruses grew well in this system, albeit with plaque sizes that were proportional to the poly(C) length. When injected into mice, the progeny viruses were only slightly less pathogenic than EMCV-R, and the observed degree of attenuation was not nearly as dramatic as for equivalent mengoviruses with similar short poly(C)s. Short-tract poly(C)-mediated attenuation is therefore highly dependent on viral genomic context.
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (160.7 KB).
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Black D. N., Stephenson P., Rowlands D. J., Brown F. Sequence and location of the poly C tract in aphtho- and cardiovirus RNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 1979 Jun 11;6(7):2381–2390. doi: 10.1093/nar/6.7.2381. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Duke G. M., Hoffman M. A., Palmenberg A. C. Sequence and structural elements that contribute to efficient encephalomyocarditis virus RNA translation. J Virol. 1992 Mar;66(3):1602–1609. doi: 10.1128/jvi.66.3.1602-1609.1992. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Duke G. M., Osorio J. E., Palmenberg A. C. Attenuation of Mengo virus through genetic engineering of the 5' noncoding poly(C) tract. Nature. 1990 Feb 1;343(6257):474–476. doi: 10.1038/343474a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Duke G. M., Palmenberg A. C. Cloning and synthesis of infectious cardiovirus RNAs containing short, discrete poly(C) tracts. J Virol. 1989 Apr;63(4):1822–1826. doi: 10.1128/jvi.63.4.1822-1826.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Land H., Grez M., Hauser H., Lindenmaier W., Schütz G. Synthesis of ds-cDNA involving addition of dCMP tails to allow cloning of 5'-terminal m RNA sequences. Methods Enzymol. 1983;100:285–292. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(83)00062-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Naviaux R. K., Cohen S. H., Vanden Brink K. M., Jordan G. W. Construction and characterization of two infectious molecular clones of encephalomyocarditis virus. J Virol. 1990 Feb;64(2):913–917. doi: 10.1128/jvi.64.2.913-917.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Palmenberg A. C., Osorio J. E. Cardioviral poly(C) tracts and viral pathogenesis. Arch Virol Suppl. 1994;9:67–77. doi: 10.1007/978-3-7091-9326-6_8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Peacock S. L., McIver C. M., Monahan J. J. Transformation of E. coli using homopolymer-linked plasmid chimeras. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1981 Sep 28;655(2):243–250. doi: 10.1016/0005-2787(81)90014-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rieder E., Bunch T., Brown F., Mason P. W. Genetically engineered foot-and-mouth disease viruses with poly(C) tracts of two nucleotides are virulent in mice. J Virol. 1993 Sep;67(9):5139–5145. doi: 10.1128/jvi.67.9.5139-5145.1993. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zibert A., Maass G., Strebel K., Falk M. M., Beck E. Infectious foot-and-mouth disease virus derived from a cloned full-length cDNA. J Virol. 1990 Jun;64(6):2467–2473. doi: 10.1128/jvi.64.6.2467-2473.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]