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. 1997 Sep;41(3):333–338. doi: 10.1136/gut.41.3.333

Red kidney bean lectin is a potent cholecystokinin releasing stimulus in the rat inducing pancreatic growth

K Herzig 1, S Bardocz 1, G Grant 1, R Nustede 1, U Folsch 1, A Pusztai 1
PMCID: PMC1891484  PMID: 9378388

Abstract

Background—Lectins are proteins capable of specific binding to carbohydrates without altering their covalent structure. As an essential part of plants they are ingested in our daily diet. By binding to glycosyl side chains of receptors lectins can mimic or inhibit the action of the ligand. Oral administration of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) in rats dose dependently induces growth of the small intestine and the pancreas by an unknown mechanism. 
Aims—To investigate the mechanism of PHA induced intestinal and pancreatic growth. 
Methods—Thirty day old male rats were pairfed for 10 days with lactalbumin as a control diet or lactalbumin plus PHA or purified soybean trypsin inhibitor (STI) as a positive control (42 mg/rat/day) with or without 20 µg of the cholecystokinin A (CCK-A) antagonist MK 329. To investigate further the effect of PHA on CCK release intestinal mucosal cells were isolated from rats which were continuously perfused in a perfusion apparatus. CCK release into the medium was assayed. 
Results—PHA and STI significantly stimulated growth of the pancreas and the small intestine. MK 329 blocked this growth effect in the pancreas but not in the small intestine. In vivo, PHA significantly increased CCK plasma levels from 0.75 to 6.67 (SEM 2.23) compared with 2.3 (0.35) pM in the control group. In addition, in vitro PHA dose dependently stimulated CCK release with a maximal effect at 100 ng/ml. 
Conclusion—In vivo and in vitro PHA is a potent stimulus for CCK release in the rat, thereby inducing pancreatic growth, whereas intestinal growth is stimulated by a CCK independent mechanism. 



Keywords: phytohaemagglutinin; cholecystokinin; cholecystokinin A receptor antagonist; pancreatic growth; intestinal growth

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Figure 1 .

Figure 1

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: Growth of rats fed control (lactalbumin) diet (open circles), control diet + MK 329 (closed circles) or diets containing kidney bean lectin (PHA) (open squares), PHA + MK 329 (closed squares), STI (open triangles), or STI + MK 329 (closed triangles) for 10 days (initial weight 82 (1) g; daily food intake 6 g/rat). 


Figure 2 .

Figure 2

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: Effects of lactalbumin, PHA, and STI with or without MK 329 on growth of the small bowel (n=5; p<0.05). 


Figure 3 .

Figure 3

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: Effects of lactalbumin, PHA, and STI with or without MK 329 on growth of the pancreas (n=5; p<0.05). 


Figure 4 .

Figure 4

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: Effects of lactalbumin, PHA, and STI with or without MK 329 on protein content of the pancreas (n=5; p<0.05). 


Figure 5 .

Figure 5

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: Effects of lactalbumin, PHA, and STI with or without MK 329 on CCK plasma levels (n=5; p<0.05). 


Figure 6 .

Figure 6

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: Dose dependent effect of PHA on CCK release from rat isolated intestinal mucosal cells (n=6-12; p<0.05). 


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