Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Journal of Virology logoLink to Journal of Virology
. 1995 Aug;69(8):5128–5131. doi: 10.1128/jvi.69.8.5128-5131.1995

Mutations within noncoding terminal sequences of model RNAs of Sendai virus: influence on reporter gene expression.

R N Harty 1, P Palese 1
PMCID: PMC189332  PMID: 7609082

Abstract

A reverse-genetics system employing the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene has been established previously for Sendai virus. We utilized PCR-directed mutagenesis to introduce nucleotide additions, deletions, and/or substitutions within terminal Sendai virus RNA sequences. The influence of these mutations on replication-transcription of these model Sendai-CAT RNAs was analyzed by assaying CAT activity. Results from these experiments indicate that (i) Sendai-CAT RNAs expressing wild-type levels of CAT activity conform to the Sendai virus rule of six, (ii) apparent exceptions to the rule of six exist in that the 5' terminus of the Sendai-CAT RNA is more tolerant than the 3' terminus of nucleotide additions or deletions, and (iii) the 3' leader region of Sendai-CAT RNA appears to be sensitive not only to mutagenesis (single-nucleotide addition or deletion) but also to changes in its total nucleotide length.

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (236.2 KB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Banerjee A. K., Barik S., De B. P. Gene expression of nonsegmented negative strand RNA viruses. Pharmacol Ther. 1991;51(1):47–70. doi: 10.1016/0163-7258(91)90041-j. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Calain P., Curran J., Kolakofsky D., Roux L. Molecular cloning of natural paramyxovirus copy-back defective interfering RNAs and their expression from DNA. Virology. 1992 Nov;191(1):62–71. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(92)90166-m. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Calain P., Roux L. The rule of six, a basic feature for efficient replication of Sendai virus defective interfering RNA. J Virol. 1993 Aug;67(8):4822–4830. doi: 10.1128/jvi.67.8.4822-4830.1993. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Collins P. L., Mink M. A., Stec D. S. Rescue of synthetic analogs of respiratory syncytial virus genomic RNA and effect of truncations and mutations on the expression of a foreign reporter gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Nov 1;88(21):9663–9667. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.21.9663. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Conzelmann K. K., Schnell M. Rescue of synthetic genomic RNA analogs of rabies virus by plasmid-encoded proteins. J Virol. 1994 Feb;68(2):713–719. doi: 10.1128/jvi.68.2.713-719.1994. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. De B. P., Banerjee A. K. Rescue of synthetic analogs of genome RNA of human parainfluenza virus type 3. Virology. 1993 Sep;196(1):344–348. doi: 10.1006/viro.1993.1486. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Dimock K., Collins P. L. Rescue of synthetic analogs of genomic RNA and replicative-intermediate RNA of human parainfluenza virus type 3. J Virol. 1993 May;67(5):2772–2778. doi: 10.1128/jvi.67.5.2772-2778.1993. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Enami M., Luytjes W., Krystal M., Palese P. Introduction of site-specific mutations into the genome of influenza virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 May;87(10):3802–3805. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.10.3802. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Enami M., Palese P. High-efficiency formation of influenza virus transfectants. J Virol. 1991 May;65(5):2711–2713. doi: 10.1128/jvi.65.5.2711-2713.1991. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Keene J. D., Chien I. M., Lazzarini R. A. Vesicular stomatitis virus defective interfering particle containing a muted internal leader RNA gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Apr;78(4):2090–2094. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.4.2090. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Keene J. D., Thornton B. J., Emerson S. U. Sequence-specific contacts between the RNA polymerase of vesicular stomatitis virus and the leader RNA gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Oct;78(10):6191–6195. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.10.6191. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Leppert M., Rittenhouse L., Perrault J., Summers D. F., Kolakofsky D. Plus and minus strand leader RNAs in negative strand virus-infected cells. Cell. 1979 Nov;18(3):735–747. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(79)90127-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Li X., Palese P. Characterization of the polyadenylation signal of influenza virus RNA. J Virol. 1994 Feb;68(2):1245–1249. doi: 10.1128/jvi.68.2.1245-1249.1994. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Luytjes W., Krystal M., Enami M., Parvin J. D., Palese P. Amplification, expression, and packaging of foreign gene by influenza virus. Cell. 1989 Dec 22;59(6):1107–1113. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90766-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Park K. H., Huang T., Correia F. F., Krystal M. Rescue of a foreign gene by Sendai virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Jul 1;88(13):5537–5541. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.13.5537. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Park K. H., Krystal M. In vivo model for pseudo-templated transcription in Sendai virus. J Virol. 1992 Dec;66(12):7033–7039. doi: 10.1128/jvi.66.12.7033-7039.1992. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Pattnaik A. K., Ball L. A., LeGrone A. W., Wertz G. W. Infectious defective interfering particles of VSV from transcripts of a cDNA clone. Cell. 1992 Jun 12;69(6):1011–1020. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(92)90619-n. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Schnell M. J., Mebatsion T., Conzelmann K. K. Infectious rabies viruses from cloned cDNA. EMBO J. 1994 Sep 15;13(18):4195–4203. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06739.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Vidal S., Kolakofsky D. Modified model for the switch from Sendai virus transcription to replication. J Virol. 1989 May;63(5):1951–1958. doi: 10.1128/jvi.63.5.1951-1958.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Wertz G. W., Melero J. A. Workshop on 'reverse genetics of negative stranded RNA viruses' sponsored by the Juan March Institute, Madrid, Spain. Virus Res. 1993 Nov;30(2):215–219. doi: 10.1016/0168-1702(93)90008-b. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Virology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES