Skip to main content
PMC home page
Journal of Virology logoLink to Journal of Virology
. 1995 Aug;69(8):5156–5163. doi: 10.1128/jvi.69.8.5156-5163.1995

Interaction of nuclear protein p140 with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 TAR RNA in mitogen-activated primary human T lymphocytes.

C J Rothblum 1, J Jackman 1, J Mikovits 1, R R Shukla 1, A Kumar 1
PMCID: PMC189338  PMID: 7609087

Abstract

Several lines of evidence suggest that cellular proteins play a role during human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Tat-mediated trans activation. A recent report from this laboratory has shown that a 140-kDa HeLa nuclear protein (p140) binds specifically to the lower stem region of the Tat response element, TAR RNA. Since HIV-1 trans activation is most efficient in proliferating T cells, we investigated the binding of p140 to TAR RNA in unstimulated and mitogen-activated, G1-phase primary T lymphocytes. TAR RNA/protein-binding activity was low in resting cells but increased significantly within 2 h of activation and remained elevated for at least 48 h. Corresponding increases in p140 protein levels were observed with most but not all donors, suggesting that an additional nuclear factor(s) may be required for efficient binding of this protein to TAR RNA in activated T cells.

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (568.0 KB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Ahuja S. S., Paliogianni F., Yamada H., Balow J. E., Boumpas D. T. Effect of transforming growth factor-beta on early and late activation events in human T cells. J Immunol. 1993 Apr 15;150(8 Pt 1):3109–3118. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Antoni B. A., Stein S. B., Rabson A. B. Regulation of human immunodeficiency virus infection: implications for pathogenesis. Adv Virus Res. 1994;43:53–145. doi: 10.1016/s0065-3527(08)60047-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Barry P. A., Pratt-Lowe E., Unger R. E., Luciw P. A. Cellular factors regulate transactivation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Virol. 1991 Mar;65(3):1392–1399. doi: 10.1128/jvi.65.3.1392-1399.1991. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Berkhout B., Silverman R. H., Jeang K. T. Tat trans-activates the human immunodeficiency virus through a nascent RNA target. Cell. 1989 Oct 20;59(2):273–282. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90289-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Bukrinsky M. I., Haggerty S., Dempsey M. P., Sharova N., Adzhubel A., Spitz L., Lewis P., Goldfarb D., Emerman M., Stevenson M. A nuclear localization signal within HIV-1 matrix protein that governs infection of non-dividing cells. Nature. 1993 Oct 14;365(6447):666–669. doi: 10.1038/365666a0. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Bukrinsky M. I., Stanwick T. L., Dempsey M. P., Stevenson M. Quiescent T lymphocytes as an inducible virus reservoir in HIV-1 infection. Science. 1991 Oct 18;254(5030):423–427. doi: 10.1126/science.1925601. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Courtneidge S. A., Smith A. E. Polyoma virus transforming protein associates with the product of the c-src cellular gene. Nature. 1983 Jun 2;303(5916):435–439. doi: 10.1038/303435a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Cullen B. R., Greene W. C. Regulatory pathways governing HIV-1 replication. Cell. 1989 Aug 11;58(3):423–426. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90420-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Dignam J. D., Lebovitz R. M., Roeder R. G. Accurate transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II in a soluble extract from isolated mammalian nuclei. Nucleic Acids Res. 1983 Mar 11;11(5):1475–1489. doi: 10.1093/nar/11.5.1475. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Feinberg M. B., Baltimore D., Frankel A. D. The role of Tat in the human immunodeficiency virus life cycle indicates a primary effect on transcriptional elongation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 May 1;88(9):4045–4049. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.9.4045. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Folks T., Kelly J., Benn S., Kinter A., Justement J., Gold J., Redfield R., Sell K. W., Fauci A. S. Susceptibility of normal human lymphocytes to infection with HTLV-III/LAV. J Immunol. 1986 Jun 1;136(11):4049–4053. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Gatignol A., Buckler-White A., Berkhout B., Jeang K. T. Characterization of a human TAR RNA-binding protein that activates the HIV-1 LTR. Science. 1991 Mar 29;251(5001):1597–1600. doi: 10.1126/science.2011739. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Greene W. C. The molecular biology of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. N Engl J Med. 1991 Jan 31;324(5):308–317. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199101313240506. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Hamada H., Tsuruo T. Purification of the 170- to 180-kilodalton membrane glycoprotein associated with multidrug resistance. 170- to 180-kilodalton membrane glycoprotein is an ATPase. J Biol Chem. 1988 Jan 25;263(3):1454–1458. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Han X. M., Laras A., Rounseville M. P., Kumar A., Shank P. R. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat-mediated trans activation correlates with the phosphorylation state of a cellular TAR RNA stem-binding factor. J Virol. 1992 Jul;66(7):4065–4072. doi: 10.1128/jvi.66.7.4065-4072.1992. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Hart C. E., Ou C. Y., Galphin J. C., Moore J., Bacheler L. T., Wasmuth J. J., Petteway S. R., Jr, Schochetman G. Human chromosome 12 is required for elevated HIV-1 expression in human-hamster hybrid cells. Science. 1989 Oct 27;246(4929):488–491. doi: 10.1126/science.2683071. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Hoppe-Seyler F., Butz K. Activation of human papillomavirus type 18 E6-E7 oncogene expression by transcription factor Sp1. Nucleic Acids Res. 1992 Dec 25;20(24):6701–6706. doi: 10.1093/nar/20.24.6701. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Jakobovits A., Rosenthal A., Capon D. J. Trans-activation of HIV-1 LTR-directed gene expression by tat requires protein kinase C. EMBO J. 1990 Apr;9(4):1165–1170. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1990.tb08223.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Janeway C. A., Jr, Bottomly K. Signals and signs for lymphocyte responses. Cell. 1994 Jan 28;76(2):275–285. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(94)90335-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Klaver B., Berkhout B. Evolution of a disrupted TAR RNA hairpin structure in the HIV-1 virus. EMBO J. 1994 Jun 1;13(11):2650–2659. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06555.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Laspia M. F., Rice A. P., Mathews M. B. HIV-1 Tat protein increases transcriptional initiation and stabilizes elongation. Cell. 1989 Oct 20;59(2):283–292. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90290-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Lewis P. F., Emerman M. Passage through mitosis is required for oncoretroviruses but not for the human immunodeficiency virus. J Virol. 1994 Jan;68(1):510–516. doi: 10.1128/jvi.68.1.510-516.1994. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Lewis P., Hensel M., Emerman M. Human immunodeficiency virus infection of cells arrested in the cell cycle. EMBO J. 1992 Aug;11(8):3053–3058. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1992.tb05376.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Li G., Simm M., Potash M. J., Volsky D. J. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 DNA synthesis, integration, and efficient viral replication in growth-arrested T cells. J Virol. 1993 Jul;67(7):3969–3977. doi: 10.1128/jvi.67.7.3969-3977.1993. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Marciniak R. A., Garcia-Blanco M. A., Sharp P. A. Identification and characterization of a HeLa nuclear protein that specifically binds to the trans-activation-response (TAR) element of human immunodeficiency virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 May;87(9):3624–3628. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.9.3624. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. McDougal J. S., Mawle A., Cort S. P., Nicholson J. K., Cross G. D., Scheppler-Campbell J. A., Hicks D., Sligh J. Cellular tropism of the human retrovirus HTLV-III/LAV. I. Role of T cell activation and expression of the T4 antigen. J Immunol. 1985 Nov;135(5):3151–3162. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Moretta A., Poggi A., Olive D., Bottino C., Fortis C., Pantaleo G., Moretta L. Selection and characterization of T-cell variants lacking molecules involved in T-cell activation (T3 T-cell receptor, T44, and T11): analysis of the functional relationship among different pathways of activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Mar;84(6):1654–1658. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.6.1654. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Nabel G., Baltimore D. An inducible transcription factor activates expression of human immunodeficiency virus in T cells. Nature. 1987 Apr 16;326(6114):711–713. doi: 10.1038/326711a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Newstein M., Stanbridge E. J., Casey G., Shank P. R. Human chromosome 12 encodes a species-specific factor which increases human immunodeficiency virus type 1 tat-mediated trans activation in rodent cells. J Virol. 1990 Sep;64(9):4565–4567. doi: 10.1128/jvi.64.9.4565-4567.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Niedel J. E., Kuhn L. J., Vandenbark G. R. Phorbol diester receptor copurifies with protein kinase C. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Jan;80(1):36–40. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.1.36. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Paul W. E., Seder R. A. Lymphocyte responses and cytokines. Cell. 1994 Jan 28;76(2):241–251. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(94)90332-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Rounseville M. P., Kumar A. Binding of a host cell nuclear protein to the stem region of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 trans-activation-responsive RNA. J Virol. 1992 Mar;66(3):1688–1694. doi: 10.1128/jvi.66.3.1688-1694.1992. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Roy S., Delling U., Chen C. H., Rosen C. A., Sonenberg N. A bulge structure in HIV-1 TAR RNA is required for Tat binding and Tat-mediated trans-activation. Genes Dev. 1990 Aug;4(8):1365–1373. doi: 10.1101/gad.4.8.1365. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Sheline C. T., Milocco L. H., Jones K. A. Two distinct nuclear transcription factors recognize loop and bulge residues of the HIV-1 TAR RNA hairpin. Genes Dev. 1991 Dec;5(12B):2508–2520. doi: 10.1101/gad.5.12b.2508. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Sherr C. J. Mammalian G1 cyclins. Cell. 1993 Jun 18;73(6):1059–1065. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(93)90636-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Shukla R. R., Kumar A., Kimmel P. L. Transforming growth factor beta increases the expression of HIV-1 gene in transfected human mesangial cells. Kidney Int. 1993 Nov;44(5):1022–1029. doi: 10.1038/ki.1993.344. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Stevenson M., Stanwick T. L., Dempsey M. P., Lamonica C. A. HIV-1 replication is controlled at the level of T cell activation and proviral integration. EMBO J. 1990 May;9(5):1551–1560. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1990.tb08274.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Tong-Starksen S. E., Luciw P. A., Peterlin B. M. Human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat responds to T-cell activation signals. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Oct;84(19):6845–6849. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.19.6845. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Weiss A., Imboden J., Hardy K., Manger B., Terhorst C., Stobo J. The role of the T3/antigen receptor complex in T-cell activation. Annu Rev Immunol. 1986;4:593–619. doi: 10.1146/annurev.iy.04.040186.003113. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Weiss A., Imboden J., Shoback D., Stobo J. Role of T3 surface molecules in human T-cell activation: T3-dependent activation results in an increase in cytoplasmic free calcium. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Jul;81(13):4169–4173. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.13.4169. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Weiss A., Littman D. R. Signal transduction by lymphocyte antigen receptors. Cell. 1994 Jan 28;76(2):263–274. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(94)90334-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Wu F., Garcia J., Sigman D., Gaynor R. tat regulates binding of the human immunodeficiency virus trans-activating region RNA loop-binding protein TRP-185. Genes Dev. 1991 Nov;5(11):2128–2140. doi: 10.1101/gad.5.11.2128. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Zack J. A., Arrigo S. J., Weitsman S. R., Go A. S., Haislip A., Chen I. S. HIV-1 entry into quiescent primary lymphocytes: molecular analysis reveals a labile, latent viral structure. Cell. 1990 Apr 20;61(2):213–222. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90802-l. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Zagury D., Bernard J., Leonard R., Cheynier R., Feldman M., Sarin P. S., Gallo R. C. Long-term cultures of HTLV-III--infected T cells: a model of cytopathology of T-cell depletion in AIDS. Science. 1986 Feb 21;231(4740):850–853. doi: 10.1126/science.2418502. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Virology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES