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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2008 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Neuropsychologia. 2007 Apr 8;45(7):1553–1570. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.12.002

Table 12.

Manipulations of reading

Dyslexic-1 Dyslexic-2 Dysphasic-2 Dysphasic-1
Normal Alt case Normal Alt case Normal Alt case Normal Masked
HI HF .90 .85 .90 .95 .85 .85 .35 .70
HI LF .90 .65 .90 .85 .65 .90 .35 .35
LI HF .75 .60 .65 .80 .60 .75 0 .10
LI LF .55 .30 .55 .45 .70 .50 .10 .20
High imageability .90 .75 .90 .90 .75 .88 .35 .53
Low imageability .65 .45 .60 .63 .65 .63 .05 .18
Imageability difference .25 .30 .30 .28 .10 .25 .30 .35
High frequency .83 .73 .78 .88 .73 .80 .18 .40
Low frequency .73 .48 .73 .65 .68 .70 .23 .28
Frequency difference .10 .25 .05 .23 .05 .10 −.05 .13
Semantic errors/descriptions .08 .03 .04 .04 0 .08 0 .38

Alt case = alternating case. Data expressed as a proportion of trials including self corrections and semantic errors on trials including other error types.